汉英翻译(Translation)

I 汉英翻译（Translation） ⅰ原文(Source Text)：

英国的学前教育

按照法律规定，在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，家长一定要使自己

的孩子在5岁至16岁期间在学校或其它地方接受全日制教育，在北爱 尔兰则为4岁至16岁。大约93%的学生享受公家提供经费的免费教育，其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。

在英格兰和威尔士，政府从1998年9月开始为所有4岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育，如果他们的父母需要的话。政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。为达到这些目标，地方教育当局与民间志愿办学者合作，已制定出“早期教育发展计划”。制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。从1999年4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。此外，政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立“优秀早期教育中心”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。

在苏格兰，地方教育当局一直领导这方面的工作。1998年8月以来，他们与民间志愿办学者合作，进行规划，协调学前教育，提供更多名额。政府计划在1998年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。

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北爱尔兰义务教育入学年龄较低，为4岁，每年9月学生按统一日期入学。一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。

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ⅱ译文(Translation Text)：

The Preschool Education of England

According to the law, In England, Scotland and Wales, parents must have their children receive full-time education between the ages of 5 and 16 at school or other places. In Northern Ireland, the children are from 4 to 16. About 93% of the students receive free education from public funds, while other students attend independent schools with fees paid by parent. In England and Wales, the government began to provide free preschool education for all of 4 years old children from September 1998, if the children’s parents needed it. The government also promised that they should try to fulfill the goal of providing free preschool education for 3 years old children thereafter. In order to achieve these goals, Local education authorities have cooperated with non-governmental voluntary scholar and worked out “Early Education Development Plans”. The plans showed that how the private kindergartens, play groups and schools can provide best services for children and parents through cooperation. The government will expand its scope to provide children with excellent health care which was combined with early education development from April 1999. In addition, the government is still cooperating with local authorities and other departments to establish “a center of excellent early education” in

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England, which is to show good practice in education and health care.

In Scotland, Local education authorities have been a leading role in this field. They have cooperated with non-governmental voluntary operators, in planning, coordinating preschool education, providing more places since August 1998. The government planed to make all the children in the pre-school year to receive good part-time education before the winter of 1998.

Northern Ireland has a lower compulsory school age of 4, and the students go to school in September every year. A preschool education development plan, undertaken through cooperation between the Education and Library Authority, other statutory providers and non-governmental voluntary operators, has increased the quota of preschool education students.

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ⅲ 翻译技巧解析(Analyzing skills of translation)：

1. 增词法(Amplification) 是指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。如： （1）原文：在北爱尔兰则为4岁至16岁。

译文：In Northern Ireland, the children are from 4 to 16.

（原文中的句子没有主语，译文增加了“the children”作主语，使句子结构更完整，表意更明确。）

（2）原文：从1999年4月起，早期教育发展组织和发展计划将扩大范围，以提供与早期教育相结合的优良的儿童保健。

译文：The government will expand its scope to provide children with excellent health care which was combined with early education development from April 1999.

(在译文中增加了主语“The government”，使译文语法结构完整，句子的逻辑性更强，符合英语的表达习惯。)

2. 合并法(Combination) 是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，汉语强调 意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多，所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。如：

原文：其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经

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费。

译文：While other students attend independent schools with fees paid by parents.

（考虑英语的行为习惯，在原文中“其他学生上独立学校，这种学校靠学生家长缴费来筹措经费。”是两个句子，而译文则将其合并为了一个句子，使句子更加简洁明了。）

3. 换序法（Translation of changing order）指在进行汉译英时，为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清中文长句的结构、弄懂中文原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。如：

（1）原文：政府还承诺，随后要分阶段实现为三岁的孩子提供免费幼儿教育的目标。

译文：The government also promised that they should try to fulfill the goal of providing free preschool education for 3 years old children thereafter.

（此句运用了定语后置。“提供免费幼儿教育”在原文中作定语，修饰“目标”，译文则将其放在所修饰词后面，使表达方式多样化。） （2）原文: 制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。

译文：The plans showed that how the private kindergartens, play groups and schools can provide best services for children and parents

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through cooperation. （此句用到了方式状语后置。）

（3）原文：政府计划在1998年冬季前使所有的儿童在上学前一年享受到良好的非全日制教育。

译文：The government planed to make all the children in the pre-school year to receive good part-time education before the winter of 1998.

（此句运用了时间状语后置。根据英语的表达习惯，在译文中把“before the winter of 1998.”放在了句尾。）

（4）原文：一项由教育局与图书馆管理局、其它法定办学单位和民间志愿办学者联合执行的学前教育发展计划已经增加了学前教育学生的名额。

译文：A preschool education development plan, undertaken through cooperation among the Education and Library Authority, other statutory providers and non-governmental voluntary operators, has increased the quota of preschool education students.

（此句运用了定语后置。打破了原有的词语顺序，使句子结构更加清晰。）

4. 转换法（Conversion）指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。如： 原文: 政府还在英格兰与地方当局以及其它部门合作建立“优秀早期教育中心”，以展示教育与儿童保健方面的好的做法。

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译文：the government is still cooperating with local authorities and other departments to establish “a center of excellent early education” in England, which was to show good practice in education and health care. (“教育与儿童保健”在原文中作定语，而在译文中作句子的状语，使译文更符合英语的表达习惯。)

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ⅣAcknowledgement

Acknowledgement

My college life will be over, looking back the three years’ life. I think I have learned much, Such as I have gained some experience from social practice and learned independence in the past three college life. With the help of my professional teachers, I have learned how to seek the best method to learn Business English well.

First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to professional teachers, thanks for your direct and indirect help on me, thank you for guiding us constantly, which has made our ability increased. I would like to especially express my thanks to the teacher HaiYuan who has corrected my thesis carefully again and again. For her instructive and useful suggestions on my thesis, I have made great progress.

Finally, my gratitude also extends to my family who have been assisting, supporting and caring for me all of my life. I would like to thank my friends and fellow classmates who gave me their help and helped me work out my problems during the course of the thesis.

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