重难点09 阅读理解之记叙文
【命题趋势】
中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。 【满分技巧】
1.主旨题
解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 2. 细节题
解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。 3. 推断题
解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。 4.猜测词义题
解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。 【热点话题】
记叙文热衷于人物故事类。 【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）
A
【2019 • 贵州省毕节市】 话题：人物故事类 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 Robert was a boy of eight years old. One day, when he was doing cleaning at home, he thought he should move the box out of the house. The box made of wood was very heavy. And it was much bigger than him. He tried, but he could not move it. After resting for a short time, the boy started once more, but failed again. He couldn’t even move it a bit. He felt very tired and hopeless.
Just then, his father came home from work and saw his son work hard. He didn’t help Robert. Instead, he asked, ＂Dear son, have you done your best? And are you doing everything you can?＂ ＂ ▲ ＂ the boy cried.
＂No, you’re not.＂ his father said quietly, ＂You have not asked me to help you. Asking for help is not a weakness. At some point, even the strongest of us needs help. It is important to know when to ask for help and understand why you need it. Never be afraid to ask others for help when you’re in trouble.＂ Robert nodded with a big smile.
1. What did the boy want to move away?
A. A stone.
B. A box.
C. A wood.
D. A toy.
2. Robert couldn’t move it out because it was too . A. heavy
B. tall
C. low
D. high
3. How did Robert feel after he tried again and again?
A. He hoped he could move it sometime later. B. He thought he could ask for help. C. He felt very tired and hopeless. D. He became very proud of himself.
4. Which of the following can be put in ▲ in the seventh line of the article?
A. I hardly did!
B. Yes, I do!
C. No, I am not!
D. Yes, I am!
5. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. How to move a heavy thing away. C. Robert’s hard work.
B. An interesting story about Robert. D. Learn to ask for help when needed.
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述罗伯特在家里做家务，但是有一个箱子他搬不动，他尝试多次无果。最后爸爸回来了，他没有请爸爸帮忙，最后爸爸教育他说寻求帮忙不是什么丢人的事情，强者也需要帮助，当你陷入麻烦时，不要害怕寻求帮助。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据One day, when he was doing cleaning at home, he thought he should move the box
out of the house可知，一天他在打扫卫生时，他认为他应该将箱子搬出家门。所以小男孩想要将箱子搬出去，故选B。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。根据The box made of wood was very heavy. And it was much bigger than he. He tried,
but he could not move it可知，这个木制的箱子很沉，而且比他大，但是他不能移动这个箱子。所以这个箱子很沉，罗伯特搬不动，故选A。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据After resting for a short time, the boy started once more, but failed again. He
couldn’t even move it a bit. He felt very tired and hopeless可知，休息了一小会后，这个小男孩开始再一次尝试，但是又失败了，这个箱子甚至都没有移动一点，他感到很累而且无助。所以他感到疲惫和无助，故选C。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。根据And are you doing everything you can?可知，本句话是由be动词引导的一般
疑问句，回答也要用be动词，排除A和B；再根据＂No, you’re not.＂ his father said quietly＂不，你不能＂，父亲轻声地说可知，说明小男孩肯定回答＂是的，我做了一切我能做的事情＂，故选D。
5. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据It is important to know when to ask for help and understand why you need it. Never be afraid to ask others for help when you’re in trouble知道什么时候寻求帮助，理解为什么需要帮助是很重要
的。当你遇到困难时，不要害怕向别人求助可知，当你需要帮助时，寻求帮助很重要，故选D。
B
【2019 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】 话题：故事类 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 Tina graduated from college. Several days later, she got a new job. She would work in the biggest company（公司）in her city. Her friends admired her very much.
On her first workday, Tina arrived at 8：45 a. m. She took the lift to the 1lth floorand a clerk showed （楼层），her where her desk was. As a green hand, she didn’t know what to do, so she tried to talk to the girls who sat near her in the office. However, they were not friendly to her. After a while, a young boss came in. Tina was surprised that the boss was not the old man who interviewed her several days ago. The boss gave her a lot of reports to write. But when she began to write, she found that she had much trouble understanding the reports. She spent almost the whole day trying to do the work. At 5：30 pm. , it was time to go home. Although most of the reports weren’t finished, she got into the lift. On the 10th floor, she was greeted by John, the old man who interviewed her several days ago. \"Tina！\"he said, ＂Why didn’t you work with us today?＂All of a sudden，Tina realized she mistook the 11th floor for the 10th floor. \"Oh, my God！\"she answered，\"_________\" After hearing this, John couldn’t help laughing.
1. The underlined（划线的）words ＂a green hand\" most probably mean __________. A. a person without experience
B. a person caring about the environment C. a person doing well in growing vegetables 2. Tina was surprised because__________ A. she was not allowed to leave the company
B. the young boss wasn’t the man who interviewed her C. the bosses in the two companies refused her in the interviews 3. Tina spent__________ trying to finish the reports. A. almost the whole day B. almost the whole morning
C. almost the whole afternoon
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tina moved to another city for a new job. B. The girls sitting near Tina were unfriendly to her.
C. Tina arrived at the company at 5:30 a. m. on her first workday. 5. \"___________\" can be the missing sentence in the passage. A. I forgot the interview date! B. I have finished all the reports! C. I have been in the wrong office all day!
【文章大意】蒂娜大学毕业后找到了一份新工作。上班的第一天，蒂娜在上午8：45到达办公室，办公室的其他人对她并不友好，蒂娜感到惊讶的是年轻的老板并不是几天前面试她的那位老人。工作了一天之后，蒂娜才发现自己走错了办公室。
1. A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段开头的句子On her first workday，以及第二段第二行划线短语之后的
句子she didn’t know what to do，so she tried to talk to the girls who sat near her in the office.可知，这是蒂娜大学毕业后第一次上班，不知道该怎么办，表明她是一个没有经验的人。故答案为A。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中第二段第四行 Tina was surprise that the boss was not the old man who
interviewed her several days ago. Tina 可知，让蒂娜感到惊讶的是年轻的老板并不是几天前面试她的那位老人。故答案为B。
3. A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文中第二段第六行she found that she had much trouble understanding the
reports. She spent almost the whole day trying to do the work.可知，Tina花费一整天的时间做这项工作。故答案为A。
4. B【解析】判断正误题。根据第一段中的句子She would work in the biggest company in her city.可知，蒂娜
A选项错误；在自己所住的城市找到了一份工作，短文中第二段第三行they were not friendly to her. 从这句话得知们对她并不友好，B选项正确；根据第二段开头的句子On her first workday，Tina arrived at 8：45 a. m.可知，在她的第一个工作日，蒂娜在上午8：45到达。C选项错误。故答案选B。 5. C【解析】细节推理题。根据前面的句子＂All of a sudden, Tina realized she mistook the 1lth floor for the 10th
floor.＂可知，Tina走错了楼层，导致进错了办公室。故答案为C。
C
【2019 • 广西北部湾经济区】
话题：人物故事 难度：★★ 建议用时：6分 One day, a man saw an old lady sitting inside her car at the side of the road. Though it was dark, he could see she needed help. So he stopped his car and walked towards her. The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face. Was he going to hurt her? ＂I’ll help you start your car, madam. By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson, ＂ he said.
While Anderson was fitting a spare tired(备胎) to her car, the lady began to talk to him. She thanked him much for coming to help.
Anderson just smiled as he put his tools away. The lady asked how much she should pay him. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give them the help they needed. He waited until she started her car and drove off. A few miles down the road, the lady saw a small restaurant. She went in and a waitress came over with a sweet smile. The old lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant(怀孕的), but she never let the pains and aches change her smile when she served her.
The lady finished her meal and paid with a hundred-dollar bill. The waitress quickly went to get change, but the old lady was gone when the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be. Then she found there was a note on the napkin(餐巾), ＂You don’t need to give me anything back. Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain(链子) of love end with you.＂
Under the napkin were four more $100 bills. 1. Why did Anderson tell his name to the old lady?
A. Because he wanted to check if the lady knew him. B. Because he hoped that may help relax the lady. C. Because he thought he could be paid back one day. D. Because he wanted to leave his name for doing good things. 2. What does the underlined word they refer to(指的是)?
A. The old lady and Anderson. B. The people who need help. C. The old lady and the waitress. D. The people who help others.
3. Which is the right order of the old lady’s feelings?
①Thankful ②Happy ③Worried ④Helpless ⑤Willing and ready to help A. ④③①⑤② C. ③②①⑤④
B. ④①③②⑤ D. ③①④⑤②
4. What can be inferred(推断) from the passage?
A. The meal cost the old lady 400 dollars. B. Anderson must be helped by someone before. C. The old lady was able to fit a spare tire herself. D. The waitress will probably help someone later. 5. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Help of Strangers C. The China of Love
B. The Power of Smile D. The Bill of Kindness
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了爱的传递的两个小故事，一个男人看见一个女士陷入了难题，便停车为她解决了这个问题，他对女士说：如果想报答我，就去帮助别人吧。女士在经过一家餐厅时，看见怀孕的女服务员很辛苦，就偷偷地给了这位服务员一些钱。
1. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文中的信息The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face.
Was he going to hurt her?这位老妇人担心Anderson会伤害她，可推知她可能很紧张，所以Anderson告诉她自己的名字，为的是使这位老妇人放轻松，故答案选B。
2. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文the next time she saw someone who needed help,下次她看到有人需要帮
助时，结合本句she could give them the help they needed.她可以给予他们需要的帮助；由此可知they是指上文提到的那些需要帮助的人，故答案选B。
3. AAnderson【解析】理解排序题。通读全文可知，首先是老妇人的车坏在了路上，她感到很无助（Helpless）；
路过想帮助她，但她担心（Worried）Anderson会伤害她；Anderson告诉她自己的名字，并帮助了她，老妇人想给他钱感谢（Thankful）他；老妇人在一个餐馆里帮助了一个孕妇，（说明她乐于助人Willing and ready to help）；最后从老妇人给孕妇留的字条上可以看出，老妇人感到很幸福（Happy），因为她让爱的链条得到了延续。结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
4. D【解析】理解判断题。通读全文可知，Anderson帮助一个年纪大的女士，并告诉他自己不需要感谢，只
希望她把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去，然后这位年纪大的女士又帮助了一位孕妇服务员，同样她希望这位孕妇服务员也把帮助别人这个好习惯传递下去；由此可推知，这位孕妇服务员以后可能会帮助别人，故答案选D。
5. A【解析】标题归纳题。根据文中的信息Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really
want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain(链子) of love end with you. 有人也这样帮助了我，你也可以这样做，不要让这条爱之链随着你而结束。所以应该是帮助他人，传递爱心。结合选项A. The Help of Strangers陌生人的帮助；B. The Power of Smile微笑的力量；C. The China of Love爱的中国；D. The
Bill of Kindness仁慈的比尔；可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
D
【2019 • 河南省】 话题：人物故事类 难度：★★★ 建议用时：6分 Clara Daly was sitting on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when she heard a worried voice over the loudspeaker: ＂Does anyone on board know American Sign Language?＂
Clara, 15 at the time, pressed the call button. An air hostess came by and explained the situation. ＂We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf,＂ she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the air hostesses couldn’t understand what he needed.
Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help blind and deaf people and she knew she’d be able to finger spell into the man’s palm. So she rose from her seat, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt by the seat of Tim Cook, then 64. Gently taking his hand, she signed, ＂How are you? Are you OK?＂ Cook asked for some water.
When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while.
＂He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,＂ Clara said.
So for the next hour, she talked about her family and her plans for the future. Cook told Clara how he had become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman. Even though he couldn’t see her, she ＂looked attentively at his face with such kindness,＂ a passenger reported.
＂Clara was amazing,＂ an air hostess told Alaska Airlines in an interview. ＂You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such an angel.＂
Cook’s reply: ＂Best trip I’ve ever had.＂
1. What was the air hostesses’ problem?
A. They had a very difficult passenger. B. They couldn’t understand the passenger. C. They didn’t know the passenger’s name. D. They didn’t have what the passenger wanted. 2. Why did Clara Daly believe she could help?
A. Because she happened to learn some ASL. B. Because she had helped people like Cook. C. Because she thought she might know Cook. D. Because her grandfather had the same problem. 3. Into which did Clara Daly finger spell with Tim Cook?
A B C D A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
4. Why did Tim Cook keep asking for service?
A. Because he was hungry and thirsty. B. Because he needed someone to talk to. C. Because he was afraid of taking planes. D. Because he was interested in Clara’s story. 5. Which of the following words best describe Clara Daly?
A. Brave and clever. C. Patient and caring.
B. Beautiful and lovely. D. Outgoing and friendly.
【文章大意】该阅读材料是一篇记叙文，本文向同学们介绍了正在学习ASL（美国手语）的Clara在一次飞机旅行中，帮助乘务人员，与聋哑人乘客Tim Cook进行沟通的事。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。题目：女乘务员的问题是什么？由第一段第2行广播的内容＂Does anyone on board
know American Sign Language?＂和第二段第三行＂the air hostesses couldn’t understand what he needed.＂可知，女乘务员的问题是他们听不懂乘客的话。故选B。
2. A【解析】细节理解题。题目：为什么Clara认为她能够提供帮助？由第三段第 1 行＂Clara had been studying
ASL for the past year to help blind and deaf people＂可知，Clara学过手语，故选A。
3. A【解析】细节理解题。题目：Clara与Tim Cook手指拼读在哪？由第三段第 2 行＂she knew she’d be able
to finger spell into the man’s palm.＂可知，是写在手中，故选A。
4 B【解析】细节理解题。题目：Tim Cook为什么总是请求服务？由第五段＂He didn’t need anything. He was
lonely and wanted to talk＂可知，因为他需要找个人谈谈。故选B。
5. C【解析】推理判断题。题目：下面哪一个词最能描写Clara Daly？通读文章可知，Clara是耐心的、关心他人的。故此题应选C。
E 【2019 • 湖北省宜昌市】 话题： 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：6分 The first time my wife Linda gave birth was in a hospital.
When Linda got pregnant(怀孕) for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our daughter. We want to teach her respect and awe(敬畏) for the things of bodies. So she was part of the process from the very beginning.
In the morning the midwives came just as Linda was climbing into the birth tub(盆).Our daughter offered her mom water and food while she rested. When she found the noise and activity of birth, she was too nervous to stay long, so she spent a few minutes next to the tub, then went into another room to play. The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world. As Linda pulled our tiny newborn son up, our daughter and I rushed to her side, all four of us hugging and crying and very excited. That night, and many times since then, our daughter said. ＂I’m so proud of Mom for having a baby.＂ She has seen and admired the effort it takes to bring a new person into the world. It’s a part of her life, something that can happen in the same room where she colors and watches movies.
It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience, not just for her, but for Linda and me as well. Everything we wanted for her — trusted care providers; a very familiar environment; continuing support; good food — were things we needed but didn’t have the first time Linda gave birth. We crossed this threshold(门槛) together, as a family, and it was messy and scary and painful and unusual and mysterious and really perfect. 1. The writer of this passage is probably . A. a father
B. a mother
C. a daughter
D. a son
2. What does the underlined word ＂midwives＂ probably mean . A. carefully hardworking cooks C. truly talented singers
B. specially trained nurses D. very friendly drivers
3. From the last paragraph, we can see in fact the writer .
A. didn’t warn her wife Linda to give birth in the family B. didn’t want their family to cross the threshold together
C. thought it was crucial that their daughter was not part of the experience D. wanted her daughter to know that she was trusted and needed in the family 4. According to the passage we can see . A. the writer’s first child is a son
B. there are five people in the writer’s family now
C. the writer’s daughter saw her brother come into the world D. the writer wanted a home birth only just for their daughter 5. Which is the best title(标题) for this passage? A. My First Child Was Born in a Hospital. B. The Second Child in My Happy Family. C. A Messy and Painful and Unusual Family.
D. Why Did We Choose a Home Birth for Our Second Child?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了妻子的第二次分娩为什么会在家里进行；作者为了教女儿尊重和敬畏身体，让她见证了弟弟的出生，感受到了母亲为把一个新人带到这个世界所付出的辛苦，让女儿知道她在家庭中是被信任和需要的。
1. A【解析】题意：这篇文章的作者可能是一位父亲。考查细节推断。根据When Linda got pregnant for the
second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our daughter.可知作者是一位父亲，故选A。
2. B【解析】题意：带下划线的＂midwives＂一词可能是什么意思?考查词义理解。A. 认真努力的厨师；B.
受过专门训练的护士；C. 真正有才华的歌手；D.非常友好的司机。根据下文just as Linda was climbing into the birth tub可知来的是助产士，故选B。
3. D【解析】题意：从最后一段，我们可以看到，事实上作者想让她的女儿知道，她在家庭中是被信任和需
要的。考查细节理解。A. 没有提醒她的妻子琳达在家里生孩子；B. 不想让他们全家一起跨过这个门槛；C. 他们认为至关重要的是，他们的女儿不能参与其中；D. 希望她的女儿知道她在家庭中是被信任和需要的。根据It was crucial that our daughter was part of that experience, not just for her, but for Linda and me as well.和We crossed this threshold together, as a family，联系开头So she was part of the process from the very beginning.可知，女儿在家里是被信任和需要的，ABC三项不合文意，故选D。 4. C【解析】题意：从这篇文章我们可以看到作者的女儿看到她的弟弟来到这个世界上。考查细节理解。根
据The midwives called her back in time to see her brother come into the world.可知选C。
5. D【解析】题意：这篇文章最好的题目是什么?考查标题归纳。根据When Linda got pregnant for the second time, we wanted a home birth, not just for ourselves, but for our daughter. We are very open with our daughter. We want to teach her respect and awe for the things of bodies. So she was part of the process from the very beginning.和最后作者的议论，可知Why Did We Choose a Home Birth for Our Second Child?符合文意，故选D。
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