How-tos
Conclusions
There is usually a link between the starting point, i.e. the
title, and the
conclusion. If the title is asking a question, the conclusion should contain the
answer. The reader may look at the conclusion first to get a quick idea of the
main arguments or points.
1. Not every academic essay has a conclusion.
In some cases it may be linked to the discussion section, or
it may be
called concluding remarks, or summary. However, in most cases it is helpful
for the reader to have a section that (quite briefly) looks back at what has
been said and makes some comments about the main part.
2. The following may be found in conclusions. Decide on the most suitable order for them (A–E).
Implications of the findings Proposals for further research Limitations of the research
Reference to how these findings compare with other
studies
Summary of main findings
Suggested order (variations possible)
Summary of main findings
Reference to comparative studies or implications of
findings
Limitations of research
Proposals for further research
Read the following extracts from conclusions and match them with the list of functions in the box.
a) In this review, attempts have been made to summarise and assess the current research trends of transgenic rice dealing exclusively with agronomically important genes.
b) As always, this investigation has a number of limitations to be considered in evaluating its findings.
c) Obviously, business expatriates could benefit from being informed that problem-focused coping strategies are more effective than symptomfocused ones.
d) Another line of research worth pursuing further is to study the importance of language for expatriate assignments.
e) Our review of 13 studies of strikes in public transport demonstrates that the effect of a strike on public transport ridership varies and may either be temporary or permanent.
f) These results of the Colombia study reported here are consistent with other similar studies conducted in other countries (Baron & Norman, 1992).
g) To be more precise, there was a positive relation between tolerant and patient problem solving and all four measures of adjustment: general, interaction, work and subjective well-being.
h) To empirically test this conjecture, we need more cross-national replication of this research.
i) comparisons with other studies ii) summary of main body iii) limitations of research
iv) suggestions for further research v) practical implications and proposals
Answer
a b c d e f i
ii iii v iv ii
g ii h iv
A pattern for conclusion
Summary: implications limitations proposals for further research
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