代词
1． 人称代词
人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 第三人称单数 第一第一人 第二人 阳性 阴性 中性 人称称单数 称单数 复数 I she it we 主 you (你) he (我) (他) (她) (它) (我们) 格 me her it us 宾 you (你) him (我) (他) (她) (她) (我们) 格 第二人称复数 you (你们) you (你们) 第三人称复数 they (他们,她们,它们) them (他们,她们,它们) 主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！)
宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：
Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！)
We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
人称代词it的特殊用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it并不译为“它”。
当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时，其先后顺序为you，he，I。而复数一般采用we，you，they顺序。
2．物主代词
物主代词的用法：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
第三人称单数 第一人第一人 第二人 第二人阳性 阴性 中性 称复 称单数 称单数 称复数 数 your his her its our your 形容 my (他的) (她的) (它的) (我们(你们词性 (我的) (你的) 的) 的) Yours his hers its ours yours 名词 mine (我的) (你的) (他的) (她的) (她的) (我们(你们性 的) 的) 第三人称复数 their (他们的,她们的,它们的) theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的) 形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
（1）、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：
Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书) （2）、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：
This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小) （3）、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)
[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)
3．反身代词
第一人 称单数 myself (我自己) 第二人 称单数 yourself (你自己) 第三人称单数 阳性 阴性 中性 himself herself itself (他自己) (她自己) (它自己) 第一人称复数 ourselves (我们自己) 第二人称第三人称复数 复数 yourselves themselves (你们自己) (他们/她们/它们自己) 反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：
Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀
子,那会割伤你的)
在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：
The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是
好的,只是他没有讲好)
1)反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词：性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self
或selves．
2)反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。
如：I enjoyed myself at the party．另一种是作名词或代词的同位语；用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself．
3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有：enjoy oneself，help oneself to，learn by oneself，teach oneself，(all)by oneself，leave...by oneself，lose oneself in等，在运用反身代词时，应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较：
“Help yourselves to some fish，Tom and Mike．”与I can’t leave the girl by herself．
4指示代词
单数 复数 this(这个) these(这些) that(那个) those(那些) such (这样的人/物) same (同样的人/物) it (这人/这物) 含义 指较近的人和物 指较远的人和物 指上文提过的人和物 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时
指示代词的特殊用法：
(1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。
(2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
5不定代词
单数 含义 some no any none / / each (every) one either, neither so the other, 复合不 another 定代词
不可数 含义 复数 含义 much many little, a little few, a few / all ones / / both / others, the others /
主要不定代词的用法： (1)one的用法
A. one作为代词可以指人，也可以指物。
B. one，ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。
C. one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词来修饰。 D. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。
it和one的用法区别：it用来指特定的东西，而one则用于替代不特定的东西。
(2)some和any的用法区别
A. some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。 B. some，any与—thing，—body，—one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。
C.在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。
D. some在否定句中表示半否定，any表示全否定。
E．some用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个”而不是“一些”。 接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。有时 (3)other，another的用法 数 泛指
another=an other other (boys) others 特指
the other作主语、宾语、定语 the other (boys) 作定语 the others作主语、宾语
A. another＝another\"另一个”，泛指众多者中的另一个，在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”，如：
I want to have another two cakes．我想再吃两个蛋糕。
B．the other表示两个中的另一个，常与one连用。常见形式是
“one．．．the other．．．”。 C. other+复数名词＝others
D. the other+复数名词＝the others (4) a11、both的用法
both表示“两者都……”，而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”。
a11、both在句中放在be动词，情态动词及助动词之后，放在实义动词之前。
(5) each和every的用法
A. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。
B. 从含义和语法功能上看，each是“单个”的意思，侧重个体，在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。 (6)either，neither，both的用法
either：指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。 neither：指两者都不，全否定。作主语谓语用单数。 both：指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。 (7)many和much
many只能和复数可数名词连用。 much只能和不可数名词连用。 注意：
a lot of／lots of / plenty of＝much／many a large／great number of＝many a great／good deal of＝much (8)few，a few，little，a little
few，little表示否定含义，“很少”“几乎没有”；a few，a little表示肯定含义，有一些”。few，a few用在可数名词前，little，a little用在不可数名词前。
（9）a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal
of、plenty of
五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可
以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；
plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。
a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它
修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。
如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)
6.疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 （1）、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、
whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？) （2）、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man?(那男的是谁？) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句) 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)
→Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的
父亲？) （3）、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如： People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) → Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)/
--Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)
—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆) （4）、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？) /
What is that? (那是什么？)/
What are those? (那些是什么？) /
What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？) 练习题 一。 单项填空
1. Tom， Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. ---You want ________ sandwich？
---Yes， I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer， a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk？
---______________， thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh！ I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning？ ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term？ ---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for？ ---Her cousin， Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which 10. ---Is _______ here？
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me， and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket， you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another 13. ---Do you live by yourself， Mr Wang？
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America？
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe？
---No. _______ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term？ Was _____ Mr. Smith？
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand？
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo？
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary？ You may have _______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______？ A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs 二。 用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ （ I ） is in the bag. 2. Trees are planted in ______ （ we ） country every year， which makes our country more and more beautiful. 3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s？
---Yes， it is ______（she） 。 Beautiful， isn’t it？ 4. Help ______ （you） to some fruit， Jack. 5. ---Who taught your brother to surf？ ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ （he）。
6. Their English teacher is from America， but ______ （we） is from England.
7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ （ I ）。 8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______（you）？ ---Mine？ Oh， two minutes slow.
9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ （he）？ 10. Did you enjoy _______ （you）， Mary and Kate？ 三。 用适当的代词填空
1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker， _______ is a teacher.
2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games.
3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves.
4. We were all very tired， but _______ of us would like to have a rest.
5. ______ of the twins are in our class.
6. Boys， don’t touch the machines， or you may hurt _______. 7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news.
8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.
9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.
10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well？
---Because Britain， Germany and France are all very near ______ country.
四。 用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空
1. ______ is the population of the world today？ 2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump？ 3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress？ ---It’s black.
4. ---______ is your car？
---The red one in front of the tree.
5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle？
---I know， sir. It’s instruction.
6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful. 7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike？
8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor.
9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother. 10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful 【练习答案】
一。 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C
二.1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves
三。 1..the other 2.others 3.a little 4. none 5.Both 6.yourselves 7.something 8.none 9.anything 10.it; her 四。 1. What 2. Who 3. What 4. Which 5. Which 6. that/ which 7. that/ who 8. who/that 9. who/ that 10. who/ that
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