现?卢小咖带你走进英文新大陆
作者:卢小咖(韧学教育)
卢小咖的每篇深度超精解,严格按照真题展开,融合速度快读、语篇结构、意群联系、架构生态、层次演绎、深度思维、破题逻辑、导图分析以及每个选项
的正误分析于一体,用深度精致带你走进英文新大陆!
本文适用于考研英语一、考研英语二、GMAT、SAT、ACT、六级、专四专
八、雅思托福等长难句居多的英语类考试。
原文选自于2017年4月ACT考试阅读真题。
HUMANITIES: This passage is adapted from the article “The Quiet Sideman” by Colin Fleming (©2008 by The American Scholar)
『引言背景 文章体裁』
这篇文章节选于《美国学者》杂志,作者是科林·弗莱明,文章标题是“安静的伴奏者”。这篇文章的主人公是楚·贝里,美国的摇摆舞爵士乐男高音萨克斯管演奏家。
『速读、快读、略读、简读的总体策略』
Para.4
(1)Berry faced the lot of other horn players: having to grind it out long and hard until something memorable burst through; the prejudices and expectations of the listening public; and the accepted wisdom of what is and isn’t art in a given medium. (2)In this case, swing was fodder for dance parties, not music worthy of study.
★ 语篇发展 意群联系 逻辑层次 英文思维 架构布局
第一句的门道在于这个冒号,冒号连接了前半句主句的解释,主句部分是一个主谓宾的简单句结构,face作及物动词更多的是为了体现去面对或正视一种情况或困难。后半句冒号中具体阐述了楚·贝里所要面对的情况,用了两个分号来说明句子的联系性思维和并列属性,每个分号所引领的短句中都有并列连词and,冒号、并列连词与分号深度体现整句话延续性的层次联系。
句子中的动词词组grind out,grind本身作为动词有磨快,磨碎,辛苦努力的意思,所以grind out衍生的意义是生产出、创造出的意思,用在这句话中的语境含义是摇奏、演奏。burst through的意思是冲破或突然出现。
整句意思:楚·贝里面对着许多其他乐器演奏者同样的情况:必须去摇奏的很长、很费力,直到一些令人难忘的东西出现;广大听众的偏见和期望;以及在一个规定环境(given medium)中对什么是艺术,什么不是艺术的普遍认可。
第二句句首的In this case带有一定的让步语气,通常表达即使这样,假使这样的话的意思;fodder这个词在语境中理解起来比较困难,原意是饲料,经常在作品中演绎为带有一定贬义的作特定用途的素材。
第三句
将从句部分放在后面,用让步状语从句引导出特殊强调,用定语从句who突出
对楚·贝里身份的介绍。
从句用rather than的比较结构强调了音乐演奏类型的区别,主句的介词
above内含着一种比较关系。
两个音乐类的专有名词:ensemble passages 合唱;solo breaks (爵士乐曲、
流行音乐中的)即兴独奏华彩段。
整句意思:楚·贝里是罕见的拒绝将自己的兴趣放在这些乐队之上的艺术家,
即便这意味着要去合唱,而不是在即兴独奏中进行合理的分配。
Para.6
(1)College proved a training ground for Berry the bandsman, as he teamed up with a number of amateur outfits. (2)He never played simply to show off. (3)Instead, he tried to bring out the positive attributes in any given situation or setting. (4)Later, when Berry is performing with the Calloway ensemble, we hear some ragged, out-of-tune playing until Berry’s first few solo notes emerge. (5)The other players, no longer languidly blowing through their charts, immediately surge up behind him, all fighting-fit. (6)Once Berry finishes his solo, the shenanigans resume.
★ 第六段的速读智慧
第六段由六个短句组成,那么速读与快读的核心思维在于切分与整理。
通过每句话的句首词来延续速读与略读的节奏,通过每句话的动词来判断句子
主要体现的意义。
idiosyncrasy 尤指(个人独有的)气质,性格
第四句至第六句展现了楚·贝里给合唱团带来的变化,第四句先用时间引导词later划分段落中的叙述层次,用了两个形容词突出卡洛维合唱团声音的刺耳和跑调(ragged, out-of-tune),从对声音的描述发展到第五句对另外一个乐手的描写,通过这些信息的过渡强调了楚·贝里的重要作用。
第四句至第六句意思:后来,当楚·贝里与卡洛维合唱团表演时,直到楚·贝里的独奏音符开始响起我们才不会听到刺耳和跑调的演奏。 其他的乐手不再无精打采地吹奏改编的乐曲(charts),立刻在楚·贝里之后蜂拥而起,所有人都投入到了演奏中。 一旦楚·贝里完成独奏,恶作剧继续。 Para.7
(1)After making his way to New York, Berry immediately became a presence and soon was in demand. (2)The great jazz orchestras of the swing era were fronted by musical directors/arrangers—Duke Ellington was preeminent—who drew the acclaim. (3)The sidemen were musical traveling salesmen who sold someone else’s wares in the best style they could manage. (4)It was with Fletcher Henderson that Berry began to ditch some of the sideman’s subservient trappings. (5)For starters, Henderson wrote in keys that were rare for the jazz orchestras of the day, and his somber, indigo-inflected voicings were ideal for a player of Berry’s introspective approach to his instrument: Berry sounds as if he’s being swallowed by his sax. (6)“Blues in C Sharp Minor,” for instance, is odd, haunting, and ultimately relaxing. (7)A Berry solo in it is slightly off mike, making the listener feel as though he’s been playing for some time before we finally hear him. (8)The effect is unnerving, as if we weren’t playing close attention.
第五句和第六句意思:首先,亨德森用音调谱曲在当时的(of the day)爵士乐队中很少见,亨德森靛蓝色的转调音对楚·贝里在乐器上采取回顾方式这样的乐手来说是非常合适的:楚·贝里发出的声音好像他已经被萨克斯管所吞没了。 比如“蓝调升C小调”是与众不同的,不易忘怀的和最终令人放松的。
第七句的it是一个很重要的指代词,it指代的是前一句的“蓝调升C小调”,两句话都用了明喻的引导词as if和as though描述楚·贝里的独奏。
两句话意思:楚·贝里的独奏在“蓝调升C小调”中有一些失去麦克风的感觉,让听众觉得仿佛楚·贝里已经在我们最后听到独奏之前,他已经演奏了一段时间。 这种效果是令人紧张的,即使我们并没有保持密切关注。 Para.8
(1)In June 1940, Cab Calloway granted Berry a showcase piece, “A Ghost of a Chance,” the sole recording in Berry’s career to feature him from start to finish. (2)It was his “Body and Soul,” a response to Hawkins’s famous recording, intended not as a riposte to a rival, but as the other half of a dialogue. (3)Its rubato lines are disembodied from the music meant to accompany it, which is spartan to begin with. (4)This may be Berry’s one and only instance of indulgence on a record, a cathedral of a solo in its flourishes, angles, ornamentations, reflexivity. (5)If sunlight could pass through music, “A Ghost of a Chance” would funnel it out in the broadest spectrum of colors.
★ 第八段的速读智慧
第一句又用新的时间点,引出总结段的新事件,重点要沿着主语的人物开始事件回溯,因为问题中很可能出现用新人物的名称给你去定位。
第四句和第五句都是作者最后的总结评论,第四句的may be以及第五句的would都是作者态度和情绪体现的标志词,第四句的one and only是一种强调用法,意思是唯一的、独一无二的;第四句最后部分用了一连串音乐学名词来总结句子,flourishes指的是音乐中装饰性乐段,ornamentations意思是音乐中装饰音符的使用。第五句的colors指的是音质或音色。
两句话意思:这可能是楚·贝里唯一在一张唱片上投入程度的实例,在装饰性乐段、角度、装饰音符的使用、反射性上体现了独奏的殿堂级表现。 如果日光能穿过音乐,“了不起的亡灵”将最广泛的音色曲谱中汇集了起来。
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