状语从句

高三英语语法专题（三）

状语从句

一、基本概念：

状语从句也叫副词性从句，在句中起状语的作用。有的可以在主句前（其后常有逗号隔开）， 有的可以在主句后（其前不用逗号与主句隔开），有的既可以在主句前又可以在主句后。通常由一个连词或连词作用的词组引导。

二、状语从句分类 （一）时间状语从句

1．when, while, 与as 三者均可表示“当---时，在---时，在---期间”，表示主从句动作同时发生，当从句谓语动词是延续性动词时可换用。

When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作；主从句动作可以同时发生也可以不同时。 I was thin when I was a child. The film had been on when we arrived. When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. while引导的动作必须是延续性的

My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.

as表示随时间推移时，只能用as，此时主句常使用比较级。

As the day went on，the weather got worse and worse. As I get older, I get more optimistic.

注意： When的其他用法：

be about to do… when…/be doing … when…/had done… when…/be on one’s way … when… /be on the point of doing… when…

How can we explain it to you when you won’t listen. How can I help you when you won’t listen to me. She claimed to be 18, when I knew she’s only 16. 注意：while的其它用法：

His sister gets up early every day while he gets up very late. Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.

While (=though) I understand you, I can’t agree with you. Strike while the iron is hot. 注意：as的其它用法：

as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生

He hurried home, looking behind as he went. John sings as he works. ( 表动作同时发生) As he was going out, it began to rain. (表动作紧接着发生)

As a boy(= when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths. Child as(=though) he is, he knows a lot. As the weather is so bad, we have to put off our journey. 2. before

Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在…之前 We waited a long time before he came out. …… 才…… We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 不到……就…… Please write it down before you forget it. 趁--- Leave me before I change my mind. 趁---

Before I could get in a word, he had left the house. 还没来得及---就—

She offered me a cup of coffee before I could sit down. 还没来得及---就--- It won’t be long before we finish school.

It will be a long time before he comes back.

It was a long time before I got to sleep again. …之后…

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高三英语语法专题三

3. since

since引导的时间状语从句，表示某一行为从过去某点开始一直持续到现在，主句通常现在完成时（偶尔也会有现在完成进行时）， 从句常用一般过去时。

She has been married since I came here. （主句用延续性动词/从句用非延续性动词） She has been working in this factory since she left school. 注意since 从句中的动词:

It is/has been+段时间+since从句句型（did） It is three years since the war broke out.

It is three years since he was in our class (since he left our class). It is three years since he lived here.

比较：It be + 段时间(two years) + since/before…… It be +点时间(two o’clock) +when…..

It be +时间状语(at two o’clock/two years ago) + that…… 4、till, until, not…until

肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止” 翻译成 “直到…”

He remained there until she arrived.

否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始” 翻译成 “直到… 才…”

He won’t go to bed until/till she returns. till 不可以放于句首，而until 可以。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. not …until 句型中强调和倒装的用法：

It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型)

Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. (not until 位于句首, 主句部分要倒装) It was not until he grew up that he understood his parents. =Not until he grew up _______. 5. as soon as 一……就

the moment / the minute / the second / the instant… immediately / directly / instantly / presently… hardly/scarcely had… done… when … did… no sooner had… done… than… did…

Hardly/ Scarcely had I entered the room when I heard my baby crying. No sooner had he arrived than he began to complain. upon/on doing/ upon/on one’s sth.

On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.

On his arrival at the classroom, the teacher came and the bell rang. 6. 下列词组引导时间状语从句

the day/the week/the year… the first time/the last time… every time/each time/any time/ next time/all the time/ from the time… by the time He called on me the day he arrived.

Next time you come, you’ll see my grandpa.

You are welcome to come back any time you want to.

By the time he was 14, he had already taught himself advanced maths. By the time he arrives, he will have finished the work. （二）地点状语从句

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高三英语语法专题三

地点状语从句为主句提供了事情发生的地点。引导词主要有3个：where“在…的地方”； wherever/anywhere “无论何地”You should put the book where it is.

We should go where we are most needed. Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever you go, I will go with you. Go back where you come from. （三）原因状语从句

常见的原因状语从句的引导词有：because, as, since, for，now that, seeing that, in that, considering that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。

1、because 表示事情发生的直接的、自然的原因，语气最强，回答why 的提问。as表示原因时，语气弱于because,一般放句首; since/now （that）表示显而易见的原因；for引导从句表示从句是为主句所说的话提供推断的理由,放在主句之后。

1) —Why are you absent from the meeting? —____I am ill. 2) It must have rained last night, ______ the ground is wet. 3) ________ it is raining, we shall not go to the park. 4)________everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. Since I must die, I must do it.

I didn’t help him, not because I was unwilling, but because I was unable to do it. He resigned partly because he was tired of the work.

2、in that(多用于主句之后)/ seeing (that) / considering (that) / not that… but that…(不是因为…而是因为…) Man differs from animals in that they can think and speak. Seeing (that) it is going to rain, we had better leave now.

Considering (that) you are not in good health, I suggest you retire in advance. Not that he is silly, but that he is lazy.

Not that she forgot to do her homework, but that she was busy taking care of her sick mother. （四）目的状语从句

1. so that / in order that/ to the end that 表示目的引导目的状语从句时，从句中常用情态动词 may, can, could, might, should

My teacher spoke loudly so that/ in order that everybody could hear him. He studied hard to the end that he might pass the entrance examination. = He studied hard______ _____ _____ pass the entrance examination.

2. in case “以防、以免”for fear (that)= lest (that)“生怕、惟恐”. 从句中可用should, might, would, may …for fear of sth.

Take your umbrella in case it rains/ should rain. It may not rain, but you’d better take an umbrella in case. Keep an umbrella in case of rain.以防 She is working hard for fear that she would be fired. （五）结果状语从句

1. so that 比较：He went to the lecture early, so (that) he got a good seat.

He went to the lecture early so that he could get a good seat.

从意思上看：结果状语从句表达的是事实，而目的状语从句表达的是尚未实现的结果；从语法形式上看，目的状语从句常常需要情态动词（can, could, may, might, should, would）; 结果状语从句通常放在句末， 用逗号隔开

He got up early so that he caught the first train to Beijing. =He got up so early that he caught the first train to Beijing. He got up early so that he could catch the first train to Beijing. The roof had fallen in, so that the hut was out of use. 2. so--- that, such--- that 引导句子时，其结构形式

so +形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句

so+many/much/few/little+名词+that such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句

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高三英语语法专题三

such+形容词+复数名词形式/不可数名词+that从句 such+ a lot/ lots of+名词+that从句

Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. =Mike is so honest( a worker )that we all believe him. ____ fine weather ____ little food ____ ____ little boy ____ many trees that big a house too long a meeting

There were so many people (=_______________) in the room that we couldn’t get in. He can’t finish _____ much work in ______ _____ short time.

比较：This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone _____ no one can lift it.

This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone _____ no one can lift.

3. 当 so或 such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

So clever is he that he is able to work out all the problems by himself. So fast does he speak that I can’t follow him. Such is our house in the future. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 4. 否定词+ so/such … but (that)= that … not…

No one is so old but he may learn. I’m not such a fool but that I understand you. 5. I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone. （六）条件状语从句 1. if (真实条件句)

If you work a little harder, you’ll pass the exam tomorrow.（主将从现） If you are to pass the exam, you’ll have to work hard.

If you are going to be happy in any job, you had to believe in that job. If you will help me, I will be very happy.

if (非真实条件句)Were I you, I wouldn’t accept his invitation. 2. unless : if… not I won’t go to his party unless (I am)invited. 比较： unless and until

I didn’t finish reading the book _____ Mum came back. I can’t finish the book ____ you help me. 3. if only / only if

I will come _____ you promise not to invite Mary. _____ he were here.

_____ you could/would listen to me. _____ I had more money now, I could buy a car. If only I had not been busy last week.

4. Suppose /Supposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?

Suppose your father saw you now, what would he say? (let’s/let us)say假设 同suppose

Say it were true, what would you do? Let’s say you didn’t know me, would you help me? assuming(that) / given that 假设granted/granting (that)姑且就算，假设 I’ll go providing/provided (that) the children can come with me.

I’ll allow you to go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the bank. In case there is a fire, what will you do? You’ll fail in the exam unless you work hard. 5. So/ As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. 类似结构： as/so far as I know / I can remember as/so far as… is/are concerned as soon as as well as

6.祈使句+and /or/ or else/ otherwise Use you head, and you’ll find a way. 7.if possible/necessary if any if so if in need

（七）方式状语从句1. as Do in Rome as the Romans do. 2. as if = as though It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

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高三英语语法专题三

The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. He spoke as if he had been there before. 3. as it is/was as they are/were

Leave the vase as it is. (句末，照原样) State the facts as they are.

I thought condition would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.(句首，事实上) （八）让步状语从句

1. though, although(不同but连用，但可与yet, still, nevertheless连用)， He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.

注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末 He said he would come, he didn’t, though. 2. as引导让步状语从句要倒装 adj. / 分词/adv. /v./n. (无冠词) as/though/that + 主+谓 Poor man though/as he is, he is generous. Praised as he was, he remained modest.

Much as I like it, I will not buy it. Manage as we might, we could not get out of the difficulty. 3. even if/even though即使

We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. Even if I were in your place, I wouldn’t take the job. 4. while

5. whether…or… whether… or not … or…(连接两个意义相反的词) Whether you believe it or not, it is true. East or west, home is best.

6. whatever, whenever, whichever, whosever, however, whomever, whoever, wherever…(疑问词+ever), = no matter+疑问词(不管……，无论……)

Whatever (=no matter what) you say, he won’t believe you.

Whoever (=no matter who) you are, you must obey the rules. You can take whatever you like. (whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句) （九）比较状语从句

1. as…as与 not so … as as…as能用于肯定句和否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。 如： He is not so /as naughty as she was.

as---as可用于句型： as +adj./adv. +as-clause as +adj. +a/an +n +as-clause

as +adj./adv.+as possible/ sb. can(could) She is as clever a girl as her sister. We want to get as many books as we need. You should do things as well as possible/as you can. 2. than 与比较级形容词或副词连用than后常跟省略形式，than+p.p./adj 1) They came earlier than expected. 2) You arrived earlier than necessary. 3) other than rather than more than no + 比较级 than 3. the more … the more….

The harder you work, the more progress you’ll make. The more you read, the more knowledge you can get. 4. 倍数句型 This classroom is three times as big as that one. This classroom is three times bigger than that one. This classroom is three times the size of that one. 注意：状语从句的省略现象

Don’t speak until spoken to. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

You can come to see me whenever possible. Come tomorrow if possible.

He has no money. If any, he will give us. The patient moved his lips as if to say something. Though born in America, he grows up in China. Fill in the flanks with articles where necessary.

高考题荟萃

2009年1. She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. （福建）A. when B. while C. after D. since 2. My parents don’t mind what job I do _____ I am happy. （陕西）

A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though

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高三英语语法专题三

3. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. （上海） A. before B. if C. while D. as

4. Peter was so excited ____he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. （上海） A. where B. that C. why D. when

5. All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. （全国） A. as B. if C. though D. unless

6. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. （江苏） A. if B. when C. which D. since

7. _______ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. （09江苏） A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 2008年1. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.（全国I卷） A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that 2. ---Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you. ---Ok, ______ you make it short. （安徽卷）

A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time 3. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. (上海卷) A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although

4. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. （福建卷） A. that B. which C. when D. where

5. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. （湖南卷） A. If B. While C. Because D. As

6. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. （山东卷） A. though B. for C. but D. so 7. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.（山东卷） A. even if B. which C. where D. so that

8. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. （辽宁卷） A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However

9. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. （辽宁卷） A. once B. when C. since D. although

10. A small car is big enough for a family of three ___ you need more space for baggage. (全国II) A. once B. because C. if D. unless

11. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down. (四川卷) A. when B. until C. that D. where

12. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.（浙江卷） A. whether B. after C. how D. unless 13. —Did you return Fred’s call?

—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. （北京卷）

A. though B. unless C. when D. because

14. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ________ Brian get back. （北京卷） A. before B. since C. till D. after

15. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold. （天津卷） A. since B. if C. unless D. until 16. ---Are you ready for Spain？

--Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.(上海卷) A. while B. until C. if D. before

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高三英语语法专题三

2007年1. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens. [全国卷I] A. unless B. whether C. because D. while 2. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. [全国卷I] A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. [全国卷II] A. If B. Since C. Though D. When

4. Pop music is such an important part of society _____ it has even influenced our language. [上海卷] A. as B. that C. which D. where

5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully. [上海卷] A. though B. before C. until D. if 6. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. [山东卷] A．As B．Since C．If D．While

7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. [安徽卷]A. after B. before C. since D. when

8. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day[北京卷] A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case

9. The village has developed a lot ________ we learned farming two years ago. [福建卷] A. when B. which C. that D. where

10. You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence. [福建卷] A. before B. once C. until D. though

11. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. [湖南卷]A. why B. how C. unless D. where

12. He was told that it would be at least three more months _______he could recover and return to work. [江西卷] A. when B. before C. since D. that

13. ________ there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time. [上海春] A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless

14. _________ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. [上海春]

A．However the weather is like B．However is the weather like C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like

15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _______ we’ve actually had that lesson. [天津卷] A. until B. after C. since D. when

16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. [浙江卷] A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that

17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out. [重庆卷] A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 18. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table. [辽宁卷] A. since B. although C. until D. before

1.A 根据主从句的动词时态可知主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是：当……的时候，选A。

2. C 根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，引导词意思是：只要，选C。even though引导让步状语从句，意思是：即使；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意思是：一……就……；as though引导方式状语从句，意思是：仿佛，好像。

3. A 4. D 5. D【解析】考查状语引导词(unless)。全句意思是：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给二到三个人食用。 6. B 7. B

BCACB BCDBD ADDAC AABABD DBDDB CBDDA CCB

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高三英语语法专题三

高考题荟萃

1. She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 2. My parents don’t mind what job I do _____ I am happy.

A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though

3. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as

4. Peter was so excited ____he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. A. where B. that C. why D. when

5. All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless

6. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since

7. _______ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.） A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until

1. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?—I don’t mind where we go ___ there’s sun, sea and beach. A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that

2. ---Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.---Ok, ______ you make it short. A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time 3. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although 4. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where

5. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As

6. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so 7. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 8. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However 9. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. A. once B. when C. since D. although

10. A small car is big enough for a family of three ___ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless

11. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down. A. when B. until C. that D. where 12. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.A. whether B. after C. how D. unless 13. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because

14. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ________ Brian get back. A. before B. since C. till D. after

15. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until

16. ---Are you ready for Spain？--Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young. A. while B. until C. if D. before

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高三英语语法专题三

1. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens. A. unless B. whether C. because D. while 2. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.

A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 4. Pop music is such an important part of society _____ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where

5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. before C. until D. if 6. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.

A．As B．Since C．If D．While

7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when

8. Leave your key with a neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case

9. The village has developed a lot ________ we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which C. that D. where 10. You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence. A. before B. once C. until D. though

11. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. A. why B. how C. unless D. where

12. He was told that it would be at least three more months _______he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that

13. ________ there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time. A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless 14. _________ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.

A．However the weather is like B．However is the weather like C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like

15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _______ we’ve actually had that lesson. A. until B. after C. since D. when

16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that

17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out. A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 18. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table.

A. since B. although C. until D. before

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