The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera work is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the 1could bee a poll tax on wheels’，2huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism 3cameras.The warnings came4a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either5to expansion plans or considering 6.
Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，7 90 million a year.8the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to 9the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and10that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed11at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by 12a half.
But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe13fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected
to14the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are15to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，
and 16to more aidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras 17. But we do have concerns about18they are sited. Police risk losing credibility 19motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising 20safety devices.”
1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments
2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching
3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over 4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where
5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] mitted 6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect
7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] ting 8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With 9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil 10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring
11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely
12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to 13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while 14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix
15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered
16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort 17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such
18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which 19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for
20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of 答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D 11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C
总体分析
本文讲述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张方案的内容及影响，着重阐述了这一方案的支持者(警察和财政部门)和反对者(机动车管理机构)的观点。 全文翻译
一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系，这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000万收入。机动车管理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税，从而疏远很多驾驶者。也可能出现更多破坏摄像机的事件。警告出现的同时，《每日邮报》的调查发现英格兰和威尔士的23支警力几乎都有所行动，不是致力于部署监控体系的扩张方案，就是在考虑参加其中。
预计(在实施监控系统后)全国范围内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍，罚金数目一年达9000万。按照方案，警察保存一局部罚金用以支付安装和维修新摄像机的费用，并且保证现有的摄像机
中总是装有胶卷。其余的罚金将上缴财政部。财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该方案的目的是提高公路的平安性。他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故减少了四分之一，严重伤亡事故减少至一半。
但是机动车管理机构担忧警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对平安但行车速度较快的直行道上，还会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准，如把正常的每小时10英里限速提高到每小时15英里，每小时20英里限速提高到每小时26英里。这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上，从而引发更多的交通事故。英国皇家汽车俱乐部(RAC)活动负责人休。尼科尔森说，“严格上说，我们对车速监控摄像机并无意见，我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点。如果把监控摄像机视为(政府)聚敛财政收入的手段而不是平安设施，那么警察就可能丧失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信” When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had bee famous as radio mentators were equally effective on television. Some of the 1 they experienced when they were trying to 2 themselves to the new medium were technical. When working 3 radio, for example, they had bee 4 to seeing on 5 of the listener. This 6 of seeing for others means that the 7 has to be very good at talking. 8 all, he has to be able to 9 a continuous sequence of visual images which 10 meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the 11 of television, however, the mentator sees 12 with the viewer. His role, therefore, is 13 different. He is there to make 14 that the viewer does not 15 some points of interest, to help him 16 on particular things,
and to 17 the images on the television screen. 18 his radio colleague, he must know the 19 of silence and how to use it at those moments 20 the pictures speaks for themselves. 1. A. difficultiesB. suessesC. sufferingsD. incidents 2. A. turnB. adaptC. alterD. modify 3. A. onB. atC. with D. behind
4. A. experiencedB. determinedC. establishedD. austomed 5. A. aountB. sideC. pointD. behalf
6. A. efficiencyB. technologyC. artD. performance 7. A. mentatorB. TV viewerC. speakerD. author 8. A. OfB. ForC. AboveD. In
9. A. inspire B. createC. causeD. perceive 10. A. addB. applyC. affectD. reflect 11. A. oasionB. eventC. factD. case
12. A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything 13. A. equallyB. pletelyC. initiallyD. hardly 14. A. definiteB. possibleC. sureD. clear 15. A. loseB. depriveC. relieveD. miss 16. A. focusB. attendC. followD. insist
17. A. exhibitB. demonstrateC. exposeD. interpret 18. A. LikeB. UnlikeC. AsD. For
19. A. purposeB. goalC. valueD. intention 20. A. ifB. when C. whichD. as 参考答案及解析：
1. 【答案】A. difficulties
【解析】此题测试词义搭配。本句译文：当他们试图适应这种新的媒体时他们遇到的困难是技术性的。 2. 【答案】 B. adapt
【解析】此题测试构造型词义搭配。adapt oneself to sth. 使……适应于：When you go to a foreign country, you should adapt yourself to new manners and customs.
turn to 求助于 ：You can turn to him for help when you are in trouble. (你有困难时可以求助于他)
alter (局部的)改变，修改：Have you altered your mind? (你是否已改变主意?)
modify (稍稍)修改，变更：You have to modify the plan if necessary. 此外，modify 还可以作“修饰”解，如：Adverbs modify verbs. (副词修饰动词。) 3.【答案】A. on
【解析】此题测试惯用搭配。on radio 用无线电，通过播送(强调行为手段)：The concert is broadcast on radio. on radio 在涵义上相当于 by radio, 例如，We can listen to music broadcast by radio. 此外，还有on the radio 意为：“通过播送，无线电播送中”，例如：1) I listen to the music on the radio. 2) There was good music on the radio last night. at, with, behind 与 radio 不能构成惯用搭配，而且从上下文意思上看也不符合题意。 1. 【答案】D. austomed
【解析】此题测试词义搭配。be(或 bee ,get ) austomed to sth. or to doing sth.习惯于：You will soon get austomed to
the climate here. (你会很快习惯这里的气候的。)从上下文的逻辑意思和语法构造上看，experienced, determined, established 均不切题。
5.【答案】D. behalf
【解析】此题测试惯用搭配。on behalf of 代表，为了。 on aount of 由于;on the side of 在…. 一边;be on the point of doing sth. 刚要做某事。 6. 【答案】C. art
【解析】此题测试词义搭配。art 技能，本领：the art of seeing for others 意为：“这种替别人看实况的技能”。technology 技术，performance 演出，节目，执行，完成;efficiency 效率，均不符合题意。 7.【答案】A. mentator
【解析】此题测试逻辑型词义搭配。
本句译为：这种替别人看实况的技能意味着，电视讲解员必须有高超的谈话艺术。 8.【答案】C.Above
【解析】此题测试惯用搭配。above all (= most important) 最重要的。 in all 总共：There are thirty students in all in the class. for all 是复合介词，意为“尽管”。
Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain.
There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.
About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them.
After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.
We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my panion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive. 1. A. setB. gotC. madeD. took 2. A evenB. thoughC. soD. if 3. A. when B. whereC. asD. so that
4. A. fallenB. flownC. splitD. blown 5. A. viewB. visionC. lookD. glimpse
6. A. came upB. came outC. came overD. came on 7. A. viewedB. noticedC. notifiedD. glanced 8. A. afterB. beforeC. unlessD. until
9. A. motionlesslyB. constantlyC. steadilyD. continually
10. A. In spite ofB. In relation toC. In case ofD. In the event of
11. A. anythingB. nothingC. somethingD. everything 12. A. laid outB. made outC. drawn outD. marked out 13. A. withoutB. inC. beyondD. out of date 14. A. wrenchB. wedgeC. padD. pinch
15. A. cut downB. cut away C. cut outD. cut off 16. A. positionB. situationC. oupationD. orientation 17. A. died outB. died offC. died backD. died down 18. A. Instead ofB. FurthermoreC. IndeedD. At last 19. A. wellB. goodC. bestD. better
20. A. climbedB. crashedC. creptD. crawled 参考答案及解析： 1. 【答案】C. made
【解析】此题测试惯用搭配. make towards(=make for, go forwards, move in the direction of …) 朝….走去。 2. 【答案】B. though
【解析】此题测试逻辑搭配.though 表示让步意义，引导让步状语从句。因为从句主语和主句主语相同，从句谓语又包含be,所以从句中的主语和助动词可以省略。例如：1) The girl, though plain, had a good kind face. 2) I went on talking , though continually interrupted by John. 3. 【答案】C. as
【解析】此题测试逻辑搭配.从上下文意思看，本句中从句与主句的联系是因果关系，应选 as,表示原因，其他词均不切题。 4. 【答案】D. blown
【解析】此题测试词义搭配.fallen 和flown均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。blow vt.吹，正合题意。
本句译文：这里我们没有发现什么雪，因为大局部雪似乎已从山上刮走了。
5. 【答案】A. view
【解析】此题测试词义搭配. 此处view 意为“看见的东西，风光”，例如：Your house has a fine view of the hills. (从你的房子能看到这些小山的美丽风光。)本句译文：看不到远处的山，因为我们四周的云层正在形成。 6. 【答案】A. came up
【解析】此题测试词义型惯用搭配.e up (=happen)发生，形成：A snowstorm is ing up. (一场暴风雪正在酝酿之中。)本句中有suddenly, 故用came up 比came on 更妥。 7. 【答案】B. noticed
【解析】此题测试词义搭配. notify vt.(=inform sb. of sth. ; report sth. to sb.) 通知，报告。glance(at) (=take a
quick look at) 看一眼(强调行为的过程)。因此，notify和glance均不符合题意。notice vt. ( =bee aware of; observe)注意到;留心;看到(强调行为的结果);view vt.(=look at or watch carefully)仔细观察，注视(强调行为的过程)。可见，此句中应选，noticed.
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six panies，created out of the privatized national railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations2is drawing interest. In a plan
called“Station Renaissance”that it3in November，JR East said that it would4using its mercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to5more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up6for such goods as books，flowers and groceries7over the Inter. In a country where city8depend heavily on trains9muting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the pany 10. So，picking up modities at train stations11consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station12stores for this purpose，but it plans to create13spaces for the delivery of Inter goods. The pany also plans to introduce 14cards—known in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for15information16 train tickets and muter passes17the magic ones used today，integrating them into
a/an 18pass. This will save the pany money，because19for IC cards are much less expensive than magic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also20the space needed for ticket vending.
1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles
2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially
3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled
4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] e around [D] spread over
5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances
6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations
7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained 8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders 9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as
10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates
11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts 12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament
13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated
14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent 15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] aommodating
16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of
17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only 19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners
20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink 参考答案：
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
总体分析本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新方案。文章第一段介绍说东日本铁路公司创造性地利用车站内部及周围房地产的方案正引起越来越多人的关注。第二段详细介绍了这一方案的内容及好处，即适应信息时代的要求，把车站作为网上购物的物品收取地，这样既为消费者提供了方便，又提高了递送物品的平安性。第三段介绍了该公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各种磁卡作车票的方案及其优点。
全文翻译通过国家铁路系统的私有化创立起来的六大公司之一的东日本铁路，正吸引着越来越多人的目光。在一个开展前景不振的行业，它创造性地利用车站内部及周围的房地产的方案正引起人们的关注。
东日本铁路在11月份公布的“车站复兴”方案中说：它将不仅把它的商业空地用于开商店和餐馆，而且还要把这些商业空地用于更加适应信息时代的功能上去。它打算把车站作为网上所购物品如、花卉和日用百货等的收取地。该公司估算，在一个都市人严重依赖列车作为上下班交 通工具的国度里，每天大约有 1600万人因各种原因来到它的车站。因此，在车站收取物品使消费者节省了路途而且也不像往家里递送那样容易丧失。东日本铁路已经开始把车站的便利店用于这一目的，但它打算为网上货物的递送创立专门的空间。
该公司还打算引入智能卡(在日本称为IC卡，因为它们利用集成电路储存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作为车票和定期券，把各种不同的票券合为一体。这将为公司节省资金，因为IC卡的读卡机比磁系统要廉价的多。IC卡使用的增加还将会减少售票所占用的空间。 Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an1burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，
but2retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially3one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for
long. The4reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the5of those in work for their ine. The6is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and7life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double8size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement ines in OECD countries，are9to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some
countries.10is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they11for. Action is needed，12simply aiming to reduce the13(and cost)of public pensions，or trying to14the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be15to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of16early retirement schemes to avoid17and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking18persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less19and
unemployment is down，then perhaps the20rate should rise anew.
1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue
2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering
3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive
4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial
5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding
6.[A] outlook [B] oute [C] outbreak [D] outset
7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising 8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for
9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant 10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It
11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay 12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus
13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity
14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply 15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic
16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding 17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies
18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at
19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] pact [D] intricate
20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality 参考答案：
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
总体分析本文主要讨论了老龄化给经合组织国家现存养老体系带来的挑战。文章第一段指出老龄化给经合组织国家带来的挑战，并提出推迟退休可能对解决该问题有所帮助。第二段分析了早退休给养老体系带来的问题，即越来越多的人早退休而寿命延长，随着出生率的降低，就会有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人来为他们养老，养老金在国家财政中所占的比例增加，成为无法承受的负担。第三段探讨了解决方法，指出仅仅减少公共养老金的数量，增加私有养老的比例是不够的，许多政府在考虑说服人们晚退休。 全文翻译老龄化给经合组织国家，尤其是在如何支付未来的公共养老金负债方面，带来了严重的挑战。早退休给退休金的融资带来了难以承受的负担。没有什么简单的解决方案，但推迟退休(年龄)可能有所帮助。
早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标，但对于社会来说却是昂贵的，它使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久。根本原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。这意味着更多的退休人员要依赖在职者的资助作为收入。这一前景是令人担忧的。未来50年，经合组织国家的低出生率和预期寿命的增加将使这一老年依赖率提高大约一倍。占经合组织国家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，
在国内生产总值中的比例预期将平均增加超过三个百分点，而在有些国家甚至会增加八个百分点。养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应该得到的养老金的危险。
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