音频
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section， you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island. B) He celebrated the ninth birthday on a small island. C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island. D) He swam around an island near San Francisco. 2. A) He doubled the reward. B) He cheered him on all the way. C) He set him an example.
D) He had the event covered on TV.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) To end the one-child policy. B) To encourage late marriage. C) To increase working efficiency. D) To give people more time to travel.
4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.
B) They will help to popularize early marriage. C) They will boost China’s economic growth. D) They will not come into immediate effect.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world. B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning. C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties. D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends. 6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare. B) It leaves the house in a mess. C) It makes party goers exhausted. D) It creates noise and misconduct. 7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer. B) Visit the US and Canada. C) Settle a legal dispute. D) Expand their business. Section B
Directions: In this section， you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation， you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) He had a driving lesson. B) He got his driver’s license. C) He took the driver’s theory exam. D) He passed the driver’s road test. 9. A) He was not well prepared. B) He did not get to the exam in time. C) He was not used to the test format. D) He did not follow the test procedure. 10. A) They are tough. B) They are costly. C) They are helpful. D) They are too short.
11. A) Pass his road test the first time. B) Test-drive a few times on highways. C) Find an experienced driving instructor. D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Where the woman studies. B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.
C) Leeds’ tuition for international students. D) How to apply for studies at a university. 13. A) Apply to an American university. B) Do research on higher education. C) Perform in a famous musical. D) Pursue postgraduate studies. 14. A) His favorable recommendations. B) His outstanding musical talent. C) His academic excellence. D) His unique experience.
15. A) Do a master’s degree. B) Settle down in England. C) Travel widely. D) Teach overseas. Section C
Directions: In this section， you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check. B) Many species remain unknown to scientists. C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans. D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies. 17. A) They are larger than many other species. B) They can cause damage to people’s homes. C) They can survive a long time without water.
D) They like to form colonies in electrical units. 18. A) Deny them access to any food. B) Keep doors and windows shut. C) Destroy their colonies close by. D) Refrain from eating sugary food.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) The function of the human immune system. B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system. D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older. 20. A) Report their illnesses. B) Offer blood samples. C) Act as research assistants. D) Help to interview patients.
21. A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection. B) Better understanding patients’ immune system. C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.
D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other. B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework. C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons. D) A group of kids were playing chess after school. 23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville. B) Join the school’s chess team.
C) Participate in a national chess competition. D) Receive training for a chess competition.
24. A) Most of them come from low-income families. B) Many have become national chess champions. C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes. D) Many became chess coaches after graduation. 25. A) Actions speak louder than words. B) Think twice before taking action. C) Translate their words into action.
D) Take action before it gets too late.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2，000 miles away. It has 26from Detroit to Silicon Valley， where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.
In a 27 to take production back to Detroit， Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country， if not the world， to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.
“Michigan’s 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen，” says Senator Mike Kowall， the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced.
If all four bills pass as written， they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.
Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips， and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars， like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 34， California， home of Silicon Valley， recently proposed far more 35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel， and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.
A) bid B) contrast C) deputy D) dominance E) fleets F) knots G) legislation H) migrated I) replace J) represent K) restrictive
L) reward M) significant N) sponsor O) transmitted Section B
Directions: In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100
A) Today in the United States there are 72，000 centenarians(百岁老人). Worldwide， probably 450，000. If current trends continue， then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers， 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK， Germany， France， Italy and Canada， and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
B) Understandably， there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real， and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider
picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity(长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life， not just the end of it.
C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer， and are healthier for longer， then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer， they are not only older for longer， but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period， then you are in some sense younger for longer.
D) But the changes go further than that. Take， for instance， the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house， getting married， having children， or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962， 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2021， that milestone(里程碑) had shifted to age 29.
E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts， one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer， then options become more valuable， and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed， and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.
F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement， and not only for financial reasons. Yes， unless people are prepared to save a lot more， our calculations suggest
that if you are now in your mid-40s， then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s， there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65， over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.
G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life， but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills， vitality， happiness， and friendship.
H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education， administered in childhood and early adulthood， will be able to support a sustained， 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change， either your skills will become unnecessary， or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will， at some point in their life， have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.
I) It seems likely， then， that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two， three， or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement， in another on creating a better work/life balance， still another on exploring and understanding options more fully， or becoming an independent
producer， yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors， take people to different cities， and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals(休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health， re-invest in their relationships， or improve their skills. At times， these breaks and transitions will be self-determined， at others they will be forced as existing roles， firms， or industries cease to exist.
K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career， but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions， while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware， investing in broader networks of friends， and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.
L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.
M) With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life， people leave university at the same time and the same age， they tend to start their careers and family at the same age， they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time， and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life， you could be an undergraduate at 20， 40， or 60; a manager at 30， 50， or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.
N) Current life structures， career paths， educational choices， and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education， followed by continuous work， and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents， but it is not relevant today.
We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer， being older later， and being younger longer.
36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.
37. Just extending one’s career may have both positive and negative effects. 38. Nowadays， many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.
39. Because of their longer lifespan， young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.
40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century. 41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people’s approach to life.
42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.
43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.
44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life. 45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life. Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
In the classic marriage vow(誓约)， couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband—becomes seriously ill.
“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce，” said researcher Amelia Karraker.
Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2，717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview， at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.
The researchers examined how the onset(发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that， overall， 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic(慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well， with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.
“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness，” Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed， and if they’re the ones who become ill， they’re more likely to get divorced.”
While the study didn’t assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill， Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses，” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets， especially in older ages， divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”
Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population， Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.
“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages，” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”
46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage? A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage. B) They are as binding as they used to be. C) They are not taken seriously any more.
D) They may help couples tide over hard times.
47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands? A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves. B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses. C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives. D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives. 48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill? A) They are more likely to be widowed. B) They are more likely to get divorced. C) They are less likely to receive good care. D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.
49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?
A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.
B) They find it more important to make money for the family. C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations. D) They expect society to do more of the job.
50. What does Karraker think is also important? A) Reducing marital stress on wives. B) Stabilizing old couples’ relations. C) Providing extra care for divorced women. D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
If you were like most children， you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?
Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on， misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive(认知的) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.
The study， published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition， found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children， siblings， friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake， says psychologist David Rubin， “but it does tell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”
The study also found that within that group， misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds， like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.
The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1，700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age
population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren， friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.
In general， the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often， but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also， mothers may call on their children more often than fathers， given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated， tired or angry.
51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed? A) Unwanted. B) Unhappy. C) Confused. D) Indifferent.
52. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming? A) It is related to the way our memories work. B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory. C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends. D) It often causes misunderstandings among people. 53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming? A) Similar personality traits. B) Similar spellings of names. C) Similar physical appearance. D) Similar pronunciation of names.
54. What did the surveys of more than 1，700 subjects find about misnaming? A) It more often than not hurts relationships. B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries. C) It is most frequently found in extended families. D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.
55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers? A) They suffer more frustrations.
B) They become worn out more often.
C) They communicate more with their children. D) They generally take on more work at home. Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
灯笼起源于东汉，最初要紧用于照明。在唐朝，人们用红灯笼来庆贺安宁的生活。从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地址流行起来。灯笼通常常利用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆节等节日期间悬挂。此刻，世界上许多其他地址也能看到红灯笼。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题精解（第一套）
Part I Writing 【范文评注】
On June 15， to enrich students’ extracurricular life and show their caring to the elderly， the Student Union organized a volunteer activity to assist elderly people in the neighborhood， and dozens of students in various majors attended the
Here are more details about this the help of the staff in the neighborhood
committee， we got in touch with the elderly in the neighborhood when we got there at about 2:00 . Every two volunteers took care of one elderly man， chatting with them and cleaning their rooms. After getting quite familiar with each other， we gave them enjoyable performances， including singing， dancing and crosstalks， all receiving a big applause from the elderly. At last， we took photos with them for good memories. In the late afternoon， we left for our
The visit left a special and profound impression on each Within just three hours of volunteering， students felt a stronger sense of responsibility to care about the elderly and the significance of respecting
1. 在英文中，新闻报导一样采纳“倒三角”的写作模式，也称“倒金字塔结构”，开篇往往用一句话介绍完新闻主题（常常包括人物、时刻、地址、事件），用以吸引读者或听众的爱好，其余段落介绍相关细节。
2. 过渡性语句，用以承先启后，开始向读者介绍新闻的具体细节。 3. 依照时刻顺序和志愿者活动安排的顺序介绍照顾老人的具体细节。 4. 对这次志愿者活动进行总结。 5. 进一步揭露这次活动的意义。 【译文】
6月15日，为了丰硕学生们的课余生活，表达他们对老人的关爱，我校学生会组织了一次志愿者活动，帮忙周围的老人，有数十位来自不同专业的学生参加了这次活动。
下面是关于这次活动的更多细节。下午两点左右抵达以后，在居委会工作人员的帮忙下，咱们与周围的老人取得了联系。每两位志愿者照顾一名老人，与他们交谈，帮忙他们打扫屋子。在两边熟悉起来以后，咱们给他们演出了有趣的节目，包括唱歌、跳舞和说相声，所有节目都博得了老人的烈火掌声。最后，咱们与老人合影留念。在下午晚些时候，咱们离开返回学校。
这次造访给每位参与者都留下了专门而又深刻的印象。在短短三个小时的志愿者活动中，学生们有了更强烈的关爱老人的责任感，更深刻地感受到尊重老人的意义。
【要点用法】 enrich 使丰硕 dozens of 数十个 good memory 美好回忆 extracurricular life 课余生活 with the help of 在……的帮忙下 leave for 前去 caring 关爱
take care of 照顾，照料
leave an impression on 给……留下印象 the elderly 老年人
get familiar with 与……变得熟悉
volunteer 志愿者
enjoyable 令人愉快的，有乐趣的 profound 深刻的 assist 帮忙，协助 crosstalk 相声
sense of responsibility 责任感 in the neighborhood 周围，周围 receive a big applause 博得烈火掌声 significance 意义 【句法点评】
1. The visit left a special and profound impression on each participant.
句中采纳了一个固定结构，即leave an impression on...意为“给……留下印象”，impression前面常常常利用profound、big、deep、strong等修饰，以增强语气，on后面一样接“某人”，该句型常常利用来对某项活动进行总结和点评，是此类新闻报导的常常利用句型之一。
2. Within just three hours of volunteering， students felt a stronger sense of responsibility to care about the elderly and the significance of respecting them.
句中利用了一个常常利用搭配，即felt a stronger sense of responsibility，意为“感受到了更强烈的责任感”，to care about...为不定式短语，充当responsibility的后置定语。
Part II Listening Comprehension Section A News Report One 【听力原文】
[1] A nine-year-old central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison. The TV station reported that by completing the swim the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a ten-year-old boy. James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. His father said he had offered his son 100 dollars as a reward. [2] To encourage his struggling son he doubled it to 200 dollars. James pushed forward， making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland.
did the boy from central California do according to the report? did the father do to encourage his son? 【听前预测】
利用播放答题导语的时刻，快速阅读每道题的四个选项。由选项关键词set a record、swimming、island、San Francisco等可知，本那么新闻极可能是关于制造游泳纪录的，且涉及岛屿和旧金山地域，听音时应偏重这些方面。
1. A
【做题提示】四个选项都是以he做主语的陈述句。四个选项都包括island，其中两项跟游泳有关（swimming to and from、swam around）。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，确信he的指代对象，结合选项作答。
【解析】一名来自加利福尼亚中部地域的9岁男孩勇敢地面对湍急的水流和冰凉的海水，在旧金山和阿尔卡特拉斯岛之间游了一个来回。由此可知，选项A符合报导所述，为正确答案。选项D的描述不符合新闻内容，男孩是在旧金山和阿尔卡特拉斯岛之间游了一个来回，而非绕着旧金山周围一座小岛游。
2. A
【做题提示】四个选项都是以he做主语的陈述句，其中两项包括两个不同的“他”（he、him），可判定此题可能涉及两个人之间的活动。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，确信he和him的指代对象及彼其间的关系，结合选项作答。
【解析】新闻后面提到，为了鼓舞尽力坚持游完全程的儿子，他把奖励提高了一倍，增加到了200美元。因此，选项A符合新闻内容，为正确答案。选项D无中生有，新闻中只提到电视台报导了男孩游泳制造纪录一事，但未说是男孩父亲让电视台报导了这一事件，故可排除。
News Report Two 【听力原文】
On the first of January， new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women and 25 for men， the South China Morning Post reports. [3] The holiday bonus was
designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China’s one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished， this holiday incentive is no longer necessary， the government says.
In Shanghai， a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing， one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced， rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. [4] But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax.
was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China? do we learn about the new regulations? 【听前预测】
利用播放答题导语的时刻，快速阅读每道题的四个选项。由选项关键词one-child policy、late marriage、early marriage等可知，本那么新闻极可能是关于政策转变的，且涉及成婚早晚，听音时应偏重这些方面。
3. B
【做题提示】四项都是不定式短语，可推断此题提问某件事的目的。注意四项关键词别离为one-child policy、late marriage、working efficiency、more time to travel。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，结合选项作答。
【解析】新闻开头第一说晚婚假将会被取消，实行新法规。然后新闻接着说这种假期福利旨在鼓舞年轻人晚婚，以契合中国的独生子女政策。因此，选项B符合新闻内容，为正确答案。
4. D
【做题提示】四个选项都是以they做主语的一样以后时陈述句，可推断此题考查事物的以后状态或趋势。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，结合选项作答。
【解析】新闻最后说，新政策一宣布，很多人涌向婚姻记录处记录，以争取即将被废除的晚婚假。只是，律师表示，这一政策转变有待地址政府实施，实施进程还需要时刻，因此那些着急记录成婚的人们能够放松下来。因此，选项D为正确答案。
News Report Three 【听力原文】
[6] Everyone loves a good house party， but the cleaning-up the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. Now， however， a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes—and even splitting headaches—back to normal. The properly-named startup “Morning-After Maids”， was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Arthurs. Aside from cleaning-up， the two will also cook breakfast， and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed， they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends， which is when their service is in most demand any way. Besides being flooded with requests from across the country， Foley and Arthurs have also received the requests from the . and Canada to provide services there. [7] They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.
is the news report mainly about?
is a common problem with a house party?
are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Arthurs planning to do? 【听前预测】
利用播放答题导语的时刻，快速阅读每道题的四个选项。由选项频繁显现的关键词clean（cleaning、clean up、cleaners）和其他关键词service、new company、parties等可知，本那么新闻极可能是关于派对后清洁效劳的，且涉及一家新公司，听音时应偏重这些方面。
5. C
【做题提示】四个选项都是名词性短语，四项都跟clean有关（cleaning service、do cleaning、clean up the mess，cleaners）。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，结合选项作答。
【解析】本篇新闻要紧讲述一家创业公司成立的初衷确实是帮忙那些举行派对后的家庭恢恢复状，也确实是帮忙做清洁工作。新闻还讲述了这家公司的开辟人、业务范围及效劳地域等信息。因此，选项C能够高度归纳新闻主旨，为正确答案。
6. B
【做题提示】四个选项都是以it做主语的一样此刻时陈述句。四项描述了四种不同的负面现象，可推测此题可能考查某件事的负面作用或问题。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，结合选项作答。
【解析】新闻开头就提到，人人都喜爱好的家庭派对，可是第二天早上的清理工作却不那么令人愉快，接下来介绍了一家新公司专门帮忙家里处置派对以后的清洁工作。因此，家庭派对常见的问题即是它会让家变得凌乱不堪，因此选项B为正确答案。
7. D
【做题提示】四个选项都是动词短语，应注意四项中的关键词。听到问题后立刻回忆所听新闻内容，结合选项作答。
【解析】新闻结尾提到，瑞贝卡·弗雷和凯瑟琳·阿瑟斯正在跟律师会面，商讨如何更好地推动她们的业务。选项D与新闻内容相符，故为正确答案。
Section B Conversation One
W: [8] Kyle， how did your driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday， right? M: Yes， I prepared it as much as I could， but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind， though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit， and that was just what I needed. Then， after the exam， they printed out my result， but I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.
W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it! [9] I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time， didn’t you? I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I’m so
proud of you. Now all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?
M: Yes， thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far， and my instructor is very understanding. [10] So， I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session， although the lessons are rather expensive. Twenty pounds an hour， and the instructor says I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That’s what—six to eight hundred pounds! [11] So this time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully will be successful the first time.
W: Well， good luck! did the man do yesterday? did he fail the exam the first time?
does the man say about his driving lessons? does the man hope to do next? 8. C
【听前预测】四个选项都以he开头，其后的动词用的都是过去时态，而且四个选项中都显现了与驾驶考试有关的辞汇。
结论：此题很有可能考查对话中的男士在过去的某个时刻做了什么与驾驶考试有关的情形。 【解析】此题考查的是男士在昨天干了什么情形。对话一开始女士就询问男士昨天驾驶员理论考试考得怎么样。因此能够确信正确答案为选项C。
9. A
【听前预测】四个选项都以he开头，其后的动词用的是过去时态，而且都是表示否定的动作，且与考试失败有关。
结论：此题很有可能考查男士驾驶考试失败的缘故。听音时应该多关注对话中的相关陈述。 【解析】此题考查男士第一次没有通过考试的缘故。对话中并无显现男士直接陈述其考试失败缘故的句子，可是在对话中，女士提到她的猜想，即男士第一次考试的时候低估了它的难度，预备得不够充分，而男士并未否定这一点，可见是默许了女士的说法，应选项A为正确答案。而且，选项B、C、D的内容在对话中没有任何表现，都可排除。
10. B
【听前预测】四个选项均以they为主语，且均为系表结构的句子。
结论：依照四个选项中的形容词tough、costly、helpful和short可知，此题很有可能考查某事物的特点。听音时第一要弄清楚they指代的对象，然后在录音中分辨关于其特点的信息。
【解析】此题考查男士对他的驾驶课程的观点。在对话结尾，男士用好几句话强调了驾驶课程的价钱超级高，应选项B为正确答案。
11. A
【听前预测】四个选项均为动词原形短语，且四个选项都与驾驶考试有关，而且A项还提到了his。
结论：此题极可能考查男士将要做什么情形。听音时应多关注对话中的相关陈述，分辨出四个行为动作中哪个是正确的。
【解析】此题考查了这位男士希望接下来做什么。在对话末尾，男士提到他将付出更大的尽力，希望第一次就能够够通过路考，因此答案是A项。B选项在对话中未提及；C、D两项干扰性较大。尽管文中提到了教练，可是男士对教练持赞许态度，即他以为自己的教练超级善解人意；尽管男士在对话末尾一直强调驾驶课程超级昂贵，可是并无提到他希望自己能够赚足够多的钱上驾驶课，因此D项错误。
Conversation Two
M: Emma， I got accepted to the University of Leeds. [12] Since you’re going to university in England， do you know how much it is for international students to study there?
W: Congratulations! Yes， I believe for international students， you’ll have to pay around 13，000 pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.
M: OK， so that’s about 17，000 dollars for the tuition and fees. [13] Anyway， I’m only going to be there for a year， doing my masters， so it’s pretty good. If I stayed in the .， it’d take two years and cost at least 50，000 dollars in tuition alone. [14] Also， I’ve a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds， which will be pretty awesome， the benefits of being a music genius.
W: [14] Yeah， I heard you’re a talented piano player. So you’re doing a
post-graduate degree now? I’m still in my last year， graduating next June. Finally I’ll be done with my studies and can go on to earn in loads of money.
M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.
W: You’d be surprised. [15] I’m still going to be a teacher. But the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better paid and I get to travel， which reminds me I’m late for my class and I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.
does the man want to know? is the man going to do?
might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University? is the woman planning to do after graduation? 12. C
【听前预测】四个选项的关键信息为：学习的地址、利兹大学的录取率、利兹大学国际学生的学费和申请大学的流程。
结论：此题极可能考查男士询问女士关于利兹大学的情形。
【解析】此题考查的是男士想明白什么情形。对话一开始提到，这位男士询问女士是不是明白国际学生在利兹大学学习需要多少钱，因此C项正确。其他三个选项的内容对话中都未提及，故均排除。
13. D
【听前预测】四个选项都是动宾短语，且动词是原形形式。
结论：此题很有可能考查对话中某个谈话者将要做的情形。听音时第一要听清楚题目问的是哪个谈话者的打算，然后重点听与选项相关的信息。
【解析】此题考查男士将要做的情形。对话中，男士提到他要在利兹大学读一年研究生，因此此题选择D项。选项A为干扰项，对话开头男士提到，他已被利兹大学录取，且后文提到假设是男士留在美国，需花两年时刻读研，且学费更贵，这是为了衬托出男士在利兹大学学费更少，且仅需一年读研，故排除A项。B项、C项文中并未提及，故均排除。
14. B
【听前预测】四个选项均为以his开头的名词短语，且favorable、outstanding、talent、excellence都是具有正面情感色彩的词。
结论：此题很有可能考查使男士取得成功或赞誉的某项优势或做过的情形。
【解析】此题考查的是或许能使这位男士取得利兹大学奖学金的才能是什么。在对话中，男士第一说自己是音乐天才，在利兹大学取得奖学金的概率专门大，然后女士说她听说男士是一名才华横溢的钢琴演奏家，因此此题应选B项。
15. D
【听前预测】四个选项都是动宾短语，且动词为原形形式。
结论：此题很有可能考查对话中某个谈话者将要做的情形。听音时第一听清楚问题中询问的是哪个谈话者的打算，然后结合选项偏重听相关内容。
【解析】此题考查的是这位女士毕业后的打算。在对话结尾，女士提到，她打算在英国积存一年左右的工作体会后，去一家海外的国际学校工作。因此此题选择D项。
Section C Passage One
【听力原文】
Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There， they keep other creatures in check， distribute seeds and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. [16] A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They’re small enough to easily slip inside your house， live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands， and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in， and hard to kick out. Once they settle in， these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants， other species can cause different kinds of damage. [17] Some， like carpenter ants， can undermine a home’s structure， while others interfere with electrical units.
Unfortunately， our homes are very attractive to ants because they provide everything the colony needs to survive， such as food， water and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? [18] Most important of all， avoid giving ants any access to food， particularly sugary food because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants， so empty your trash as often as possible， and store your outside garbage in a lidded can， well away from doors and windows.
does the passage say about ants?
do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants? can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?
【整体预测】
快速阅读本部份的所有选项可知，由选项中的关键信息species、cause trouble to humans、cause damage to people’s homes、eating sugary food等可大致推测，这篇听力短文是关于某种生物的，而且这种生物具有必然的危害性，可能会给人类家庭带来破坏，听音时应重点关注与此相关的信息。
16. C
【解题思路】四个选项均为描述性句子，阅读选项大致可推测问题应该是和得出某种结论相关的内容。
结论：四个选项中的重点短语是keep diseases、remain unknown、cause trouble和well-organized colonies，因此在听录音的时候，应注意与之相关的细节信息。
【解析】发言中提到，很少一部份蚂蚁对人类有害，但那些蚂蚁都很难操纵，它们小到能够轻松溜进你的衡宇，在里面群居，数量可达数万到数十万只，且繁衍速度专门快。由此可知C项符合原文内容，为正确答案。选项D描述不准确，因为发言者只是说蚂蚁是群居生活，并无说它们的群居生活何等井然有序。选项A和选项B在发言中未提及，可排除。
17. B
【解题思路】四个选项均为以they开头的句子，可推知题目应该问的是对they所指代的事物的描述。
结论：第一要弄清楚they指代什么，听问题时要听清they的指代对象。选项中的关键信息别离是larger than、cause damage to、survive a long time和form colonies in electrical units，听录音时应重点关注they具体做了什么情形，与四个选项的关键信息进行匹配。
【解析】发言中提到，有些蚂蚁，比如木蚁，会破坏衡宇结构，而另一些那么会弄坏电器。因此，选项B为正确答案。选项D和发言者所说的内容不符，发言者只是说这些木蚁会弄坏电器，并无提到它们在电器里群居，故可排除。选项A、C在发言中均未提到，可排除。
18. A
【解题思路】四个选项都是以动词原形开头的祈使句，是针对某件情形采取的一些具体举措，由此可推知，此题应该问的是应付某件事要采取的方法。
结论：四个选项的关键信息别离是deny...access to food、keep...shut、destroy colonies 和refrain...sugary food，这些也是听录音时可能会听到的关键词，此题考查的是考生获取和分辨信息的能力。因此，听录音时需留意与各个选项关键词相关的内容，把握重点信息。
【解析】发言中提到，最重要的是，不要给蚂蚁任何机缘接触到食物，尤其是甜食，因为蚂蚁喜爱吃甜食。因此选项A正确，选项D错误，因为发言者说的是不要让蚂蚁接触到含糖的食物，而不是人们不要吃甜食。选项B和选项C在发言中均未提到，可排除。
Passage Two 【听力原文】
[19] My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses， and from auto-immune diseases. We know that as we get older， it’s easier for us to get infections， so older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. In most of our work， when we’re looking at older adults who’ve got an illness， we always have to have health controls. So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the One
Thousand Elders. These volunteers are all 65 or over， but in good health. [20] They come to the university to provide us with blood samples， to be interviewed， and to help us carry out a whole range of research.[21] The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment， we’re living much longer. Life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age， and that they’re not spending time in hospital with infections， feeling unwell and being generally weak. [21] We want people to be healthy， even when they are old.
is the focus of the speaker’s research? are the volunteers asked to do in the research?
does the speaker say will be the impact of his research? 【整体预测】
快速阅读本部份的所有选项，由频繁显现的关键信息immune system可知这篇文章和免疫系统有关，听音时应偏重听与选项关键信息相关的内容。
19. D
【解题思路】四个选项都是以the开头的名词性短语或结构，强调的是某个因素。因此，问题可能具体涉及某种事物。
结论：该题可能考查某个话题或某项研究的重点内容。四个选项别离强调的是function、cause、viruses和change。因此，在听录音时需要留意与这几个辞汇相关的内容，把握重点信息。
【解析】发言者开门见山地提到，我的研究重点是，随着年龄的增加，咱们的免疫系统会发生什么样的转变。选项D是一个归纳句且与发言中表述的含义一致，是正确选项。选项A是选项D的一部份，不是总结性句子，因此并非是重点内容。选项B、C在发言中均未提到，可排除。
20. B
【解题思路】四个选项都是以动词原形开头的祈使句，是针对某件情形所采取的具体方法。 结论：四个选项中的关键信息别离是report illnesses、offer blood samples、research assistants和interview patients，这些也是考生在听录音时可能会听到的关键词，此题考查的是考生获取和分辨信息的能力。因此，听录音时需留意与各个选项关键词相关的内容，把握重点信息。
【解析】发言中提到，这些志愿者都年满65岁，但他们的躯体状况良好，他们到大学里来给咱们提供血样，同意采访，帮忙咱们进行一系列的研究。因此，选项B为正确选项。选项D与发言内容相反，志愿者们是同意采访而不是去采访他人。选项A、C原文均未提到，可排除。
21. C
【解题思路】四个选项均为动词-ing形式，描述的都是某事物带来的益处。
结论：此题询问的可能是某件情形的有利的地址。四个选项的核心词是strengthening immunity、better understanding immune system、helping improve health conditions和reducing medical expenses，听录音时应注意与之相关的细节。
【解析】发言中提到，咱们的研究真正阻碍的是老年人的健康，咱们希望即令人老了，也能很健康。由此可知，发言者的研究的要紧阻碍是针对老年人健康的，因此选项C符合发言内容，为正确答案。选项B是以偏概全，选项A、D在发言中未提到，故都可排除。
Passage Three
【听力原文】
When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip elementary， he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. [22] He noticed a couple of days after school， that a group of kids would get together to play chess.“I know how to play chess， let me go and show these kids how to do it，” he said. Now Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. [23] And this week， dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville， Tennessee to compete with about 5000 other young people at the Super Nationals of Chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went， they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him， and his students， control. [24] The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night， as two months ago， a young man was shot just down the street. Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. [25] Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.
did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Killip elementary? are dozens of students from Komada’s school going to do this week? do we learn about the students of Killip elementary? have the students learned from Komada?
【整体预测】
快速阅读本部份的所有选项，由关键词his students、at school、a chess team、a chess competition、national chess champions等可知，短文可能与师生之间的活动有关，而且极可能这些学生参加了某项国际象棋竞赛，听音时应偏重听与之相关的内容。
22. D
【解题思路】四个选项均为描述性句子，阅读选项可大致推测此题和学生或一群小孩的一些行为活动相关。
结论：四个选项中A、C两项描述的是学生之间和学生和教师之间的互动，选项A是学生之间很难相处，选项C是学生听不懂他的课。选项B、D描述的是一部份小孩的活动。因此，听录音时要重点留意与此相关的信息。
【解析】发言开头提到，在学校教了几天书后他注意到，一群小孩下学后集聚在一路下国际象棋。因此，选项D为正确答案。选项A、B、C在发言中均未提到，可排除。
23. C
【解题思路】四个选项均是以动词原形开头的祈使句，是对不同活动的描述。
结论：由四个选项的内容可推知，此题问的应该是某一项具体活动。四个选项中的关键信息别离为visit a chess team、join...chess team、participate in..petition和receive training。因此，听录音时需留意与各个选项关键词相关的内容，把握重点信息。
【解析】发言中提到，本周，数十名学生将要起身前去田纳西州的纳什维尔，与大约5000名年轻人一路在国际象棋超级联赛中竞争。因此C项符合发言内容，是正确选项。选项A和选项D在发言中并未提到，选项B不是本周的活动，因此都可排除。
24. A
【解题思路】四个选项均为描述性句子，阅读选项可大致推测问题是对某一群体的一样性描述。 结论：四个选项中，选项A和C的主语别离为most of them和a couple of them，选项B和D的主语均为many，由此可知，此题的考查对象是一个集体中的大部份。因此，听录音时要明确其指代对象，然后重点关注与之相关的具体细节信息。
【解析】发言中提到，这所学校招收的低收入家庭的小孩数量最多。因此，选项A与发言中内容一致，是正确答案。选项B、C和D在发言中均未提到，可排除。
25. B
【解题思路】四个选项均为哲理性的句子或谚语，可知此题应该考查的是学生们从教师那里学到了什么道理。
结论：四个选项都是哲理性的句子且都与行动有关，因此，第一要辨析各自的含义及其强调的内容。选项A强调行动强于空谈，选项B强调不要贸然行动，选项C强调把语言应用于行动中，选项D强调趁早行动。因此，在听录音时要重点关注与行动有关的信息，并注意其强调的内容。
【解析】发言结尾提到，学生们更有可能去试探他们的行为，会考虑他们的行为是不是会带来麻烦。由此可知，卡马尔达强调的是行动之前多试探，因此选项B与发言中的内容相符，为正确选项。
Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 【参考译文】
在过去的十年里，美国汽车创新中心已经转移了2000英里。它已经从底特律[26]转移到硅谷，在那里，自动驾驶汽车开始显现。
[27]为了把自动驾驶汽车的生产带回底特律，密歇根州的立法者们已经提出[28]立法，它或许能够使密歇根成为即便不是全世界也是全国进展自动驾驶汽车并将其投入利用的最正确地址。
“密歇根州在汽车研发方面的[29]优势地位受到了几个州和国家的要挟，这些州和国家希望[30]取代咱们在交通运输领域的领先地位。咱们不能让这种情形发生。”参议员迈克·科瓦尔说道，他是最近提交的四项法案的要紧[31]发起人。
假设是这四项法案都以书面形式通过了，它们将[32]代表2021年密歇根州法律的一次实质性的更新，该法律许诺在有限的条件下对自动驾驶车辆进行测试。（依照四项新法案）制造商几乎能够完全自由地在公路上测试他们的自动驾驶技术。他们将被许诺在跨州的公路旅行中调派几组自动驾驶汽车，乃至成立自动驾驶汽车的随需应变[33]车队，比如通用汽车和来福车正在建造的车队。
密歇根州的立法者显然想让该州为自动驾驶技术的商业应用做好预备。[34]相较之下，硅谷所在地加利福尼亚州最近提出了更具[35]限制性的规定，它要求驾驶员做好驾驶预备，而且禁止商业利用自动驾驶技术。
【答案解析】 26. H) migrated
语法判定：空格前面为助动词has，空格后面为介词from，故空格处应填动词的过去分词，组成此刻完成时，且该动词能与from组成合理的搭配。
语义判定：符合条件的动词的过去分词选项有migrated（移居，迁移）和transmitted（传送，传递，传播）。本段句意为“
在过去的十年里，美国汽车创新中心已经转移了2000英里。它已经从底特律______到硅谷……”，此段在表述美国汽车创新中心转移的距离和具体的起身地和目的地，空格所填词与第一句中的moved表意相同，migrate from...to...表示“从……迁移到……”，transmit from... to...表示“从……传递到……”，migrated符合句意，故答案为H。
27. A) bid
语法判定：空格前面为不定冠词a，故空格处应填可数名词的单数形式。
语义判定：备选可数名词的单数选项有bid（尽力）、deputy（代理人；副手）、reward（回报；报酬；奖赏）和sponsor（提案人，发起人）。依照上下文句意“美国汽车创新中心已经转移了2000英里。它已经从底特律转移到硅谷……”和“______把自动驾驶汽车的生产带回底特律，密歇根州的立法者们已经提出______，它或许能够使密歇根成为即便不是全世界也是全国进展自动驾驶汽车并将其投入利用的最正确地址”可知，本段在表述为了把自动驾驶汽车的生产带回底特律，密歇根州的立法者们所做的尽力。a bid to do sth.表示“为争取某物而做出的尽力”，bid符合句意，应选A。
28. G) legislation
语法判定：空格前面为本句的谓语动词have introduced，空格处应填可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。
语义判定：备选的可数名词的复数或不可数名词选项有contrast（对照，对照）、dominance（优势；统治地位）、fleets（车队）、knots（结）和legislation（立法；法律）。本句句意为“密歇根州的立法者们已经提出______”，立法者所做的事确信与法律、法规有关，代入选项可知，legislation符合句意，故答案为G。
29. D) dominance
语法判定：空格所在句不缺谓语，空格前面为名词所有格Michigan’s，故空格处应填可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。
语义判定：备选的可数名词的复数或不可数名词选项有contrast（对照，对照）、dominance（优势；统治地位）、fleets（车队）和knots（结）。本句句意为“密歇根州在汽车研发方面的______地位受到了几个州和国家的要挟，这些州和国家希望______咱们在交通运输领域的领先地位。咱们不能让这种情形发生”，空格所填词与后面的leadership表意相同，代入选项可知，dominance符合句意，应选D。
30. I) replace
语法判定：空格所填词与前面的desire to一路组成从句的谓语部份，故空格处应填动词原形。 语义判定：备选的动词原形选项有contrast（对照，对照）、replace（取代，代替）、represent（代表）、reward（酬谢；报答；奖赏）和sponsor（赞助；支持）。依照本句句意“密歇根州在汽车研发方面的优势地位受到了几个州和国家的要挟，这些州和国家希望______咱们在交通运输领域的领先地位。咱们不能让这种情形发生”可知，此处表达“密歇根州在汽车研发领域有优势，其他州和国家想取代它的领先地位”之意，代入选项可知，replace符合句意，故答案为I。
31. N) sponsor
语法判定：空格所在名词词组the lead ______指代逗号前面的Senator Mike Kowall，故空格处应填可数名词的单数形式。
语义判定：备选的可数名词的单数选项有deputy（代理人；副手）、reward（回报；报酬；奖赏）和sponsor（提案人，发起人；赞助人）。依照本段句意“‘密歇根州……不能让这种情形发生，’参议员迈克·科瓦尔说道，他是最近提交的四项法案的要紧______。”可知，参议员迈克·科瓦尔是四项法案的要紧发起人，代入选项可知，sponsor符合句意，故答案为N。
32. J) represent
语法判定：空格前面为情态动词would，故空格处应填动词原形。
语义判定：备选的动词原形选项还有contrast（对照，对照）、represent（代表）和reward（酬谢；报答；奖赏）。依照本段句意“假设是这四项法案都以书面形式通过了，它们将______2021年密歇根州法律的一次实质性的更新，该法律许诺在有限的条件下对自动驾驶车辆进行测试……”可知，此处表达“这四项法案的通过将代表2021年密歇根州法律的一次实质性的更新”之意，代入选项可知，represent符合句意，故答案为J。
33. E) fleets
语法判定：空格前面为修饰词on-demand，空格后面为介词词组of self-driving cars，故空格处应填可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。
语义判定：备选的可数名词的复数或不可数名词选项还有contrast（对照，对照）、fleets（车队）和knots（结）。本句句意为“他们将被许诺在跨州的公路旅行中调派几组自动驾驶汽车，乃至成立自动驾驶汽车的随需应变______，比如通用汽车和来福车正在建造的……”，and后面的even set up on-demand ______ of self-driving cars与前面的send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips表意相同，代入选项可知，fleets符合句意，故答案为E。
34. B) contrast
语法判定：空格前面为介词In，空格后面为逗号，故空格处应填可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。
语义判定：备选的可数名词的复数或不可数名词选项有contrast（对照，对照）和knots（结）。依照本段句意“
密歇根州的立法者显然想让该州为自动驾驶技术的商业应用做好预备。______，硅谷所在地加利福尼亚州最近提出了更为______规定，要求驾驶员做好驾驶预备，而且禁止商业利用自动驾驶技术”可知，此段将密歇根州和加利福尼亚州关于自动驾驶技术商业应用的相关规定进行对照，in contrast表示“相反，相较之下”，contrast符合句意，故答案为B。
35. K) restrictive
语法判定：空格前面为副词more，空格后面为复数名词rules，故空格处应填形容词，与more一路组成比较级。
语义判定：备选的形容词选项还有restrictive（限制性的，约束性的）、significant（重要的，显著的）和transmitted（传递的，传输的）。依照前一题的解析可知，此段将密歇根州和加利福尼亚州关于自动驾驶技术商业应用的相关规定进行对照，密歇根州的立法者想让该州为自动驾驶技术的商业应用做好预备，相较之下，加利福尼亚州在这方面的相关规定却加倍严格。代入选项可知，restrictive符合句意，故答案为K。
Section B 【参考译文】
当咱们大多数人都活到100岁时，工作将如何改变
A) [40] 今天，在美国有万名百岁老人。活着界范围内，这一数字可能为45万。假设是目前的趋势持续下去的话，那么截止到2050年，仅在美国这一数字就将超过100万。依照詹姆斯·沃佩尔教授和他的研究伙伴的高作所说，2007年在美国诞生的婴儿中，有50%的人的预期寿命在104岁以上。英国、德国、法国、意大利和加拿大的情形也大致相同，而在日本，2007年诞生的婴儿中，有50%的人预期寿命为107岁。
B) 考虑到与之相关的健康和养老金方面的挑战，有人忧虑这会给公共财政带来专门大阻碍，这是能够明白得的。这些挑战是真实存在的，而且社会迫切需要解决这些问题。但一样重要的是，从更普遍的角度来看，当这么多人都活到100岁时会发生什么。简单地将长寿与年老的问题等同起来是错误的。更长的寿命对生命的各方面都有阻碍，而不单单是生命的终结。
C) [45] 咱们的观点是，假设是许多人都更长寿，而且也更健康，那么这将不可幸免地致使工作和生活方面的从头打算。当人们寿命更长时，他们不仅年老的时刻更长，而且年轻的时刻也更长。“70岁是新的60岁”或“40岁是新的30岁”，这么说是有必然道理的。假设是你变老得更慢且变老持续的时刻更长，那么在某种意义上，你年轻的时刻也就更长。
D) 但转变远不止于此。比如，人们在什么年龄致力于买房、成婚、生子或开始职业生涯等事宜。这些都是目前咱们生命中正在延后发生的大体事宜。[38] 1962年，50%的美国人在21岁之前成婚。截止到2021年，这一里程碑似的数字已经转变成29岁。
E) 尽管这些转变背后有许多因素，但其中一个因素无疑是年轻人愈来愈意识到他们的寿命将更长。拥有选择权的时刻越长，选择就越有价值。因此，假设是你相信自己会更长寿，那么选择就会变得更有价值，而早着手就会变得不那么有吸引力了。其结果确实是，之前被作为成年伊始的标志此刻正在被延迟，关于那些20多岁的年轻人来讲，新的行为模式和人一辈子新时期正在显现。
F) 长寿还会推延退休年龄，这不单单是出于经济缘故。情形确实如此，除非人们预备存更多的钱，咱们的推算说明，假设是你此刻45岁左右，那么你可能会工作到70岁出头；假设是你此刻20岁出头，你将很有可能需要工作到接近80岁乃至可能到80多岁。[43] 可是即令人们能够在经济上支持65岁退休，30连年的潜在性运动缺乏关于认知上和情感上的活力都是有害的。许多人可能全然就不想早早退休。
G) [37] 可是，这并非意味着仅仅延长咱们的职业生涯就有吸引力。仅仅延长第二时期这一全职工作的时刻段，或许能确保活到100岁所需的金融资产，但这种持续不断的工作将不可幸免地耗尽宝贵的无形资产，比如生产技术、活力、幸福和友谊。
H) 教育也是如此。仅在童年和成年初期同意的教育将不可能支撑一个持续60年的职业生涯。[42] 假设是你将技术转变的预期速度考虑进去，要么你的技术将变得没有必要，要么你所在的行业将会过时。这意味着，每一个人在其人一辈子的某个时期，都将不能不对自身的技术进行大量重要的再投资。
I) [36] 那么，传统的三时期人一辈子似乎极可能会进展成为包括两个、三个，乃至更多个不同职业生涯的多个时期。每一个时期都可能是不同的。其中一个时期的偏重点可能是取得经济上的成功和个人成绩，另一个时期的偏重点可能是成立工作和生活之间的更好的平稳，还有一个时期的偏重点可能是更全面地探讨和明白得各类选择，或成为一名独立生产者，还有一个时期的偏重点可能是为社会做出奉献。这些时期将跨越各个领域，把人们带到不同的城市，并为进展各类各样的技术提供基础。
J) 这些时期之间的过渡可能是以休假为标志的，即当人们为了休息、调整躯体健康、对其人际关系进行再投资，或提高自己技术而找时刻的时候。有时，这些休息和过渡将是由自己决定的，而另一些时候，随着现有角色、公司或行业的消失，这些休息和过渡将是被迫的。
K) [41] 一个多时期的人一辈子将不仅会对你如何治理自己的事业产生深远的阻碍，而且会对你的生活态度产生深远的阻碍。一项愈来愈重要的技术将是你应付转变，乃至欣然同意转变的能力。一个包括三时期的人一辈子只有很少的过渡，而一个包括多时期的人一辈子却有很多过渡。这确实是为何拥有自我意识、投资于扩大朋友圈、勇于同意新思想将成为更重要的技术的缘故。
L) 这些多时期的人一辈子将在不同的人群中制造出不同寻常的多样性，这仅仅是因为有如此多的方式能够对这些不同的时期进行排序。更多的时期意味着更多可能的顺序。
M) [44] 伴随着这种多样性，年龄和时期的紧密联系也即将终止。在拥有三个时期的人一辈子中，人们在相同的时刻、相同的年纪离开大学，他们通常会在相同的年纪开启自己的事业和家庭，他们在大致相同的时刻完成中层治理，然后在几年之内接踵退休。在一个包括多时期的人一辈子中，你可能是一个20岁、40岁或60岁的大学生；30岁、50岁或70岁的领导；并可能在任何年纪成为一名独立生产者。
N) [39] 当前的生活扣构、职业道路、教育选择和社会标准与正在显现的寿命延长这一现实是脱节的。三时期的人一辈子——全日制教育，继以持续的工作，然后是完全的退休——可能对咱们的父母乃至祖父母都适用，但此刻已经不适用了。咱们以为，把长寿作为一个要紧的老龄化问题来关注，会忽略它的全数含义。长寿并非必然意味着变老的时刻更长，而是活得更久，老得更晚，年轻更久。
【答案解析】 36. I
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息An extended lifespan和more careers。文中论及以后寿命的延长将令人们拥有比此刻更多的职业生涯的内容出此刻I段，该段第一句提到，传统的三时期人一辈子似乎极可能会进展成为包括两个、三个，乃至更多个不同职业生涯的多个时期。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，即以后寿命的延长将令人们拥有比此刻更多的职业生涯。其中An extended lifespan对应原文中的the traditional three-stage life，而more careers对应原文中的two， three， or even more different careers，故答案为I。
37. G
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息extending one’s career和both positive and negative
effects。文中论及仅仅延长一个人的职业生涯可能既有踊跃阻碍又有消极阻碍的内容出此刻G段，该段首句提到，可是，这并非意味着仅仅延长咱们的职业生涯就有吸引力。紧接着后面两句具体说明了其踊跃阻碍和消极阻碍：仅仅延长第二时期这一全职工作的时刻段，或许能确保活到100岁所需的金融资产，但这种持续不断的工作将不可幸免地耗尽宝贵的无形资产，比如生产技术、活力、幸福和友谊。换句话说，仅仅延长一个人的职业生涯可能既有踊跃阻碍又有消极阻碍。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。其中Just extending one’s career 对应原文中的simply extending our careers。
38. D
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息many Americans和delayed their marriage by some eight years。文中段落论及很多美国人已经将成婚年龄平均推延了大约八年的内容出此刻D段，该段最后一句提到，1962年，50%的美国人在21岁之前成婚。截止到2021年，这一里程碑似的数字已经转变成29岁。也确实是说，很多美国人已经将成婚年龄平均推延了八年，由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。其中many Americans对应原文中的50% of Americans，而delayed their marriage by some eight years对应原文中的were married by age 21... had shifted to age 29。
39. N
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息longer lifespan和no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents。文中段落论及由于寿命更长，今天的年轻人再也不遵循他们父母或祖父母的生活方式的内容出此刻N段，该段前两句提到，当前的生活扣构、职业道路、教育选择和社会标准与正在显现的寿命延长这一现实是脱节的。三时期的人一辈子——全日制教育，继以持续的工作，然后是完全的退休——可能对咱们的父母乃至祖父母都适用，但此刻已经不适
用了。换言之，由于他们的寿命更长，今天的年轻人再也不遵循他们父母或祖父母的生活方式。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为N。其中Because of their longer
lifespan对应原文中的with the emerging reality of longer lifespans，no longer follow对应原文中的it is not relevant today，the pattern of life对应原文中的 current life structures，而their parents or grandparents 对应原文中的our parents or even grandparents。
40. A
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息live over 100 和 by the mid-21st century。文中段落论及21世纪中叶，估量将有更多的人活到100岁以上的内容出此刻A段。该段前三句提到，今天，在美国有万名百岁老人。活着界范围内，这一数字可能为45万。假设是目前的趋势持续下去的话，那么截止到2050年，仅在美国这一数字就将超过100万。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，即到21世纪中叶，估量将有更多的人活到100岁以上，故答案为A。其中by the mid-21st century对应原文中的by 2050，而live over 100对应原文中的centenarians（百岁老人）。
41. K
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息A longer life，radical changes和people’s approach to life。文中段落论及寿命的延长将致令人们的生活态度完全改变的内容出此刻K段，该段首句提到，一个多时期的人一辈子将不仅会对你如何治理自己的事业产生深远的阻碍，而且会对你的生活态度产生深远的阻碍。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为K，其中A longer life对应原文中的A multi-stage life， cause radical changes对应原文中的have profound changes，而in people’s approach to life对应原文中的in your approach to life。
42. H
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息Fast technological change和constantly upgrade their
skills。文中段落论及快速的技术转变令人们有必要不断地提高他们的技术的内容出此刻H段，该段最后两句提到，假设是你将技术转变的预期速度考虑进去，要么你的技术将变得没有必要，要么你所在的行业将会过时。这意味着，每一个人在其人一辈子的某个时期，都将不能不对自身的技术进行大量重要的再投资。也确实是说，快速的技术转变令人们有必要不断地提高他们的技术。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。其中Fast technological change对应原文中的the projected rates of technological change，而constantly upgrade their skills对应原文中的at some point in their life， have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills。
43. F
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息retire early和do harm to their mental and emotional well-being。文中段落谈到许多人可能不想早早退休，因为这会对他们的精神和情感健康有害的内容出此刻F段，该段第一句提到，长寿还会推延退休年龄，这不单单是出于经济缘故。接下来具体进行论述，并在最后两句总结道：可是即令人们能够在经济上支持65岁退休，30连年的潜在性运动缺乏关于认知上和情感上的活力都是有害的。许多人可能全然就不想早早退休。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，即许多人可能不想早早退休，因为这会对他们的精神和情感健康有害，故答案为F。其中retire early对应原文中的pushes back the age of retirement，do harm to their mental and emotional well-being对应原文中的is harmful to cognitive and emotional vitality，而Many people may not want to retire early对应原文中的Many people may simply not want to do it。
44. M
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息The close link between age and stage和cease to exist in a multi-stage life。文中段落论及在一个多时期的人一辈子中，年龄和时期之间的紧密联系可
能会消失的内容出此刻M段，该段首句提到，伴随着这种多样性，年龄和时期的紧密联系也即将终止。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，即在一个多时期的人一辈子中，年龄和时期之间的紧密联系可能会消失，故答案为M。其中The close link between age and stage对应原文中的the
close association of age and stage，cease to exist对应原文中的come the end of，而且该段最后一句中也显现了In a multi-stage life，属于原词重现。
45. C
解析：注意抓住题干中的关键信息living a longer and healthier life和rearrange their work and life。文中段落论及过着更长寿、更健康的生活的人们将不能不从头安排他们的工作和生活的内容出此刻C段，该段首句提到，咱们的观点是，假设是许多人都更长寿，而且也更健康，那么这将不可幸免地致使工作和生活方面的从头打算。换言之，过着更长寿、更健康的生活的人们将不能不从头安排他们的工作和生活。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为C。其中People living a longer and healthier life对应原文中的many people are living for longer， and are healthier for longer，而rearrange their work and life对应原文中的an inevitable redesign of work and life。
Section C Passage One 【参考译文】
[46] 在传统的成婚誓辞中，新婚夫妇会许诺不管疾病仍是健康都不离不弃。可是一项新的研究觉察，当上了年纪的夫妻两边中的妻子（而不是丈夫）得了重病以后，这对夫妻离婚的风险会增加。
“被确诊患有重病的已婚女性可能会觉察自己既要在疾病所带来的阻碍中苦苦挣扎，又要面对离婚的压力。”研究人员艾米莉亚·卡拉克说道。
卡拉克和该研究的联合作者肯齐·莱瑟姆分析了印第安纳大学从1992年开始进行的一项历时20年、针对2717对夫妇的研究数据。在对研究对象进行第一次采访时，夫妻两边中至少有一人的年龄在50岁以上。
该研究剖析了四种严峻的躯体疾病的发生是如何阻碍婚姻的。他们觉察，总的来讲，在研究进行的这段时刻内，有31%的婚姻是以离婚告终的。[47] 随着时刻的推移，新的慢性疾病的发病率也随之增加，与妻子们相较，有更多的丈夫会显现严峻的健康问题。
“咱们觉察，在面对疾病的时候，女性比男性更易面临婚姻的终止，其比例是男性的两倍。” 卡拉克说。“她们更易成为寡妇，[48] 假设是她们是生病的一方，她们的丈夫更易与她们离婚。”
尽管该研究没有评估为何当妻子而不是丈夫身患重病时夫妻更易离婚，可是卡拉克给出了几个可能的缘故。卡拉克说：“[49] 就照顾他人而言，性别角色和社会期望可能会使男性更难为生病的妻子提供照顾。而且，由于婚姻市场，专门是老年人的婚姻市场中存在着不平稳，与离过婚的女性相较，离过婚的男性对以后的另一半有更多的选择。”
鉴于人们对老年人群体医疗费用的问题愈来愈关切，卡拉克以为，政策制定者们应该意识到疾病与离婚风险之间的关系。
“给照顾生病的另一半的配偶提供支持性效劳可能会降低婚姻中的压力而且抑制老年人离婚。”她说。“[50] 可是，离婚的压力可能与健康相关，而且患病的前妻可能需要额外的照顾和效劳，以幸免病情恶化和医治费用爬升，熟悉到这两点也很重要。”
论说文：老年夫妻中，假设是妻子身患重病，她们的丈夫更易与她们离婚
第1段：尽管新婚夫妻会在新婚誓辞中许诺，不管疾病仍是健康他们都对对方不离不弃，但研究觉察，老年夫妻中的妻子假设是患病，这对夫妻更有可能离婚。
第2段：患有重病的女性既要经受疾病带来的痛楚又要面对离婚的压力。 第3段：研究人员分析了一项印第安纳大学针对2717对老年夫妻的研究。
第4段：该研究剖析了四种重疾是如何阻碍婚姻的。老年夫妻中，随着年龄增加，男性比女性更易显现严峻的健康问题。
第5段：假设是男性患病，女性更易成为寡妇，假设是女性患病，她们的丈夫更易与她们离婚。
第6段：给出为何当妻子而不是丈夫身患重病时夫妻更易离婚的几点可能的缘故。 第7-8段：给政策制定者的建议：意识到疾病与离婚之间的关系，给照顾生病的另一半的配偶提供支持性效劳，而且给予离婚的患病女性额外的照顾与效劳。
【答案解析】 46. A
定位：依照题干关键词marriage vows能够将答案定位到文章第一段。
解析：文章第一段第一句指出，在传统的成婚誓辞中，新婚夫妇会许诺不管疾病仍是健康都不离不弃。然后第二句由But引出转折。注意，一样But以后转折的内容往往是作者想要表达的观点。这句话指出，有新的研究觉察，当上了年纪的夫妻两边中的妻子（而不是丈夫）得了重病以后，这对夫妻离婚的风险会增加。由此可知，作者提到成婚誓辞是想表达，尽管人们立誓不管健康仍是疾病都不离不弃，但现实情形却与誓辞相悖。也确实是说成婚誓辞无法保证婚姻长久，应选项A正确。原文并未提及誓辞的约束力和人们对它的重视程度，故能够排除选项B和C。选项D与原文的意思相反，故排除。
47. D
定位：依照题干关键词Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find和elderly husbands能够将答案定位到文章第三、四段。
解析：文章第四段第三句提到，随着时刻的推移，新的慢性病的发病率也随之增加，与妻子们相较，有更多的丈夫会显现严峻的健康问题。即丈夫比他们的妻子更易患重疾，应选项D正确。该选项中的contract serious illnesses同义替换了原文中的developing serious health problems。选项B和C是对原文的歪曲，选项A文中并未提及，故可排除。
48. B
定位：依照题干关键词women who fall ill能够将答案定位到文章第五段第二句，其中who become ill与题干中who fall ill含义一致。
解析：文章第五段第二句指出，她们更易成为寡妇，假设是她们是生病的一方，她们的丈夫更易与她们离婚。由此可知，对患病的女性来讲，丈夫更易与她们离婚，应选项B正确，其中more likely to get divorced是原词重现。尽管选项A中的more likely to be widowed也是原文内容的重现，可是要注意题干所问的条件，原文是说女性更易成为寡妇，潜台词是男性更易因为患重病归天，而题目问的是假设是女性得了重病会怎么样，那么原文说的是她们的丈夫容易跟她们离婚。选项C和D的内容原文中没有提及，能够排除。
49. A
定位：依照题干关键词more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses能够将答案定位到文章倒数第三段第二句，其中take care of同义替换了原文中的provide care to。
解析：在倒数第三段第二句中，卡拉克说，就照顾他人而言，性别角色和社会期望可能会使男性更难为生病的妻子提供照顾。这句话比较难明白得，关于照顾他人的性别角色和社会期望的具体细节，作者没有明确指出，可是既然它让男性更难照顾女性，就侧面证明女性更易照顾男性。对照四个选项，只有选项A与之相符，即男性一样是适应于被照顾。选项B文章中没有提及，故排除。尽管选项C和选项D中显现了social和society，可是意思与原文相去甚远，故排除。
50. C
定位：依照题干关键词also important能够将答案定位到文章最后一段末句。
解析：文章最后一段末句提到，离婚的压力可能与健康相关，而且患病的前妻可能需要额外的照顾和效劳，以幸免病情恶化和医治费用爬升，熟悉到这两点也很重要。患病的前妻需要额外的照顾及效劳，既然是前妻，也确实是离婚的女性，由此可知，卡拉克以为应该给离婚的女性更多的照顾，应选项C正确。选项A和B在文中没有提及，可排除。选项D是对原文的歪曲，原文提到患病的前妻可能需要更多的医治费，但并非是说男性要给他们的妻子支付医治费，故排除。
Passage Two 【参考译文】
[51] 假设是你和大多数小孩一样，那么当你的妈妈用你兄弟姐妹的名字叫你的时候，你可能会感到沮丧。她怎么会不熟悉你呢？这意味着她爱你更少一点吗？
极可能不是的。[52] 依照第一个正面攻关这一课题的研究，在咱们的生活中，叫错咱们最熟悉的人的名字是一个常见的认知错误，它与咱们的经历如何对熟悉的名字进行分类和存储有关。
四月份发表于《经历与认知》线上杂志的这项研究觉察，“错误的”名字并非是随机的，而老是从相同的关系池中“捞”出来的，包括小孩、兄弟姐妹、朋友。心理学家戴维·鲁宾表示，这项
研究没有探讨这一错误是不是有深刻的心理意义，“可是它的确告知了咱们有哪些人属于有特定关系的一群人，而哪些人不属于。”
[53] 研究还觉察，在这一群人中，当名字开头或内部的发音相同的时候，会显现叫错名字的现象，比如吉米和乔安妮（英文首字母发音相同），或约翰和鲍勃（英文第二个字母发音相同）。人们之间外表的相似并非是（引发叫错名字的）因素之一。性别也不是。
研究者们对1700多人别离进行了五个不同的调查。有些调查的对象只有大学生，有些调查的参与者来自各个年龄段。有些询问了被调查者关于他们靠近的人（家人或朋友）用其他人的名字叫他们的情形。还有些调查询问了被调查者被靠近的人叫错名字的次数。[54] 所有调查都觉察，人们会叫错同一关系群体中人们的名字，比如（外）孙子（女）、朋友和兄弟姐妹，可是很少有越过这些界限的时候。
总的来讲，该研究觉察，大学生几乎和老年人一样都会犯这种错误，男性和女性也一样。老年人和女性犯这种错误的次数略多，可是这可能是因为与年轻的父母相较，老年人有更多的（外）孙子（女），更易混淆他们的名字。[55] 一样，考虑到传统的性别角色，妈妈比爸爸叫小孩名字的次数可能更多。没有证听说明，叫错他人名字的人在沮丧、倦怠或动气的时候更易犯这种错误。
论说文：叫错熟人的名字是一个常见的认知错误，叫错的名字常常属于同一关系群里的某个人 第1-2段：用生活中的一个常见事例引出话题，叫错熟人的名字是一个认知错误，它与咱们的经历是如何对熟悉的名字进行分类和存储有关。
第3段：这项研究觉察，“错误的”名字并非是随机的，而老是从相同的关系池中而来。 第4段：研究还觉察，在关系相同的一群人中，名字开头或内部的发音相同时，会显现叫错名字的现象。
第5段：研究者进行了五个不同的调查，都觉察，人们会叫错同一关系群体中人的名字，可是很少有越过这些界限的时候。
第6段：所有人都会犯叫错名字的错误，老年人和女性犯错的次数略多，而这是有缘故的。 51. B
定位：依照题干关键词people often feel和misnamed能够将答案定位到文章第一段第一句。
解析：文章第一段第一句就指出，假设是你和大多数小孩一样，那么当你的妈妈用你兄弟姐妹的名字叫你的时候，你可能会感到沮丧。感到沮丧确实是感到不快乐，应选项B正确，原文中的upset被同义替换为unhappy。其他三项原文均未提及，故排除。
52. A
定位：依照题干关键词David Rubin’s research和about misnaming能够将答案定位到文章第二段第二句。
解析：第二段第二句指出，依照第一个正面攻关这一课题的研究，在咱们的生活中，叫错咱们最熟悉的人的名字是一个常见的认知错误，它与咱们的经历如何对熟悉的名字进行分类和存储有关，也确实是说，它与咱们的经历的工作方式有关，应选项A为正确答案。选项B和D文章中没有提及，能够排除。选项C是对原文的歪曲，原文是说对小孩或朋友的名字容易叫错，并非叫错名字这种行为要紧发生在小孩和他们的朋友身上，故排除。
53. D
定位：依照题干关键词the cause of misnaming不容易直接定位出答案，而第54题明显定位于第五段，因此咱们能够依照出题顺序与原文顺序大体一致的原那么定位到文章第三、四段。
解析：文章第三段没有提到叫错名字的缘故，紧接着第四段第一句提到，研究还觉察，在这一群人中，当名字开头或内部的发音相同的时候，会显现叫错名字的现象，比如吉米和乔安妮，或约翰和鲍勃。对照四个选项可知，只有选项D与原文内容相符。该选项中的pronunciation of names同义替换了原文中的names shared initial or internal sounds。选项A和B文中没有提及，能够排除。选项C明显与原文第四段第二句意思相反，故排除。
54. D
定位：依照题干关键词surveys of more than 1，700 subjects能够将答案定位到文章第五段最后一句。
解析：文章第五段最后一句提到，所有调查都觉察，人们会叫错同一关系群体中人们的名字，比如（外）孙子（女）、朋友和兄弟姐妹，可是很少有越过这些界限的时候。对照四个选项可知，只有选项D与原文内容相符，叫错名字的现象发生在同一关系群体中。该选项中的within a relationship group同义替换了原文中的within relationship groups。选项A、B和C的内容文中没有提及，均能够排除。
55. C
定位：依照题干关键词mothers misname their children more often than fathers能够将答案定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句。
解析：文章最后一段倒数第二句提到，一样，考虑到传统的性别角色，妈妈比爸爸叫小孩名字的次数可能更多。由此可知，妈妈比爸爸容易叫错小孩们的名字是因为她们更常叫小孩们的名字，更常常跟小孩们交流，应选项C正确。其他三个选项文中没有提及，都可排除。
Part IV Translation
【参考译文】
Lanterns， originating from the East Han Dynasty， were first mainly used for In the Tang Dynasty， people used red lanterns to celebrate the peaceful Since then， lanterns have become popular in many places of They are usually made of thin paper of bright colors， in different shapes and Usually hung up during the festivals such as the Spring Festival， the Lantern Festival and the National Day， red lanterns symbolize a pleasant life and prosperous business in Chinese traditional Nowadays， red lanterns can also be seen in many other places around the
【译点精析】
1. 灯笼起源于东汉，最初要紧用于照明：能够将两个分句翻译为并列句，用and连接，也能够把“起源于东汉”处置成整个句子的伴随状语；“灯笼”即lanterns，“起源于”能够表达为短语originate from；“最初”能够翻译成first或originally；“用于”可用be used for来表达；“要紧”即mainly或primarily；“照明”即lighting。
2. 在唐朝，人们用红灯笼来庆贺安宁的生活：“唐朝”依照老例翻译成the Tang Dynasty；“人们用红灯笼来庆贺安宁的生活”既可翻译为主动句，也可翻译为被动句Red lanterns were used to celebrate the peaceful life。
3. 从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地址流行起来：“从那时起”即since then；“流行起来”可翻译为have become popular；“在中国的许多地址”，应翻译为in many places of China。
4. 灯笼通常常利用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异：“色彩鲜艳的”翻译为of bright colors；“用……制作”翻译为be made of（假设是看不出原材料，用be made from表示）；“形状和尺寸各异”翻译成介词短语in different shapes and sizes。
5. 在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆节等节日期间悬挂：翻译该句之前能够分析一下该句的结构，能够把“通常在春节、元宵节和国庆节等节日期间悬挂”处置成整个句子的状语，即Usually hung up during the festivals such as the Spring Festival， the Lantern Festival and the National Day，注意假设是中文中有表示列举的情形，翻译为英文需利用such as来表达，另外，考生平常应注意积存中西方节假日的相关表达；“象征”能够翻译成symbolize，也能够翻译成be a symbol of；“生活美满和生意兴隆”能够翻译成a happy life and prosperous/booming business。
6. 此刻，世界上许多其他地址也能看到红灯笼：“此刻”可翻译为now、nowadays、at present、presently等；“也能看到红灯笼”应依照英文表达适应采纳被动语态，即red lanterns can also be seen；“世界上”即around the world或in the world；“许多其他地址”翻译为in many other places。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容