词义猜测题导学案
课型：专题复习课 主备人：姚朝锋
课时目标：1.了解推理判断题型特征，总结解题思路。 2.掌握7个解题技巧。
课前案：自我检测（20分钟）
完成下面三篇阅读 2017课标卷I（D）
A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5′×5′ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone（圆锥体） with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates（蒸发） and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive. C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.
2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup.
3. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?
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渑池二高三年级英语科导学案签字（备课组长）：签字（年级主任）：2018.3.15
A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from. A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet 2017课标卷II（B）
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心） of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put
something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
5. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it. B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C. He wasn’t famous enough. D. The director recommended someone else. 6. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A. They were of the same age. B. They worked in the same theater. C. They were both good actors. D. They had similar characteristics. 7. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Their belief. B. Their care for children.
C. Their success. D. Their support for each other. 8. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show his love of films. B. To remember a friend.
C. To introduce a new movie. D. To share his acting experience.
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渑池二高三年级英语科导学案签字（备课组长）：签字（年级主任）：2018.3.15
2017课标卷III（C）
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the
wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 9.What is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
10.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down. 11.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？
A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income.
C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 12.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
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渑池二高三年级英语科导学案签字（备课组长）：签字（年级主任）：2018.3.15
课中案：题型突破（15分钟）
一、题型特点与命题方式
词义猜测题基本上是阅读每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。
词义猜测题的命题方式有：
The word “...” refers to/probably means ________. The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ________. What do you think the expression “...” stands for? By saying “...” we mean ________. “...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？ 二、解题思路与应试技巧
要做好词义猜测题，考生必须熟练掌握大纲规定的词汇，在平时的训练中要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心。还要学会根据上下文语意，进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。（详见同步课件）
对点集训：
2016课标I（C）
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: \"Well, I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.\" So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: \"In this box are some stem
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渑池二高三年级英语科导学案签字（备课组长）：签字（年级主任）：2018.3.15
cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.\" She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word \"courier\" in Paragraph 1? A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor 2. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that much time. D. The ice won't last any longer. 3. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London. B. To Newark. C. To Providence. D.To Washington. 2016课标II(B)
Five years ago,when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week”
A few students hesitated to start ,They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect（感染） other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside, the ask of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,’“But I’m just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep？” “Oh,sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative.Who does that for you？” “Nobody.I do it.”
“Really—at night,when you’re asleep？” “Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime ,in class,okay？”
4.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .
A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design 5. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph3?
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渑池二高三年级英语科导学案签字（备课组长）：签字（年级主任）：2018.3.15
A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.
6. What does the underlined word\"downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burdrn
7. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C.To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking. 2016课标III（B） On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. \"Hey, aren't you from Mississippi?\" the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. \"I'm from Mississippi too.\"
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partener showed up, she also pulled a chair. \"They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. \"I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.\" Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into \"My friend said: 'Now we believe your stories,'\"Welty added,\"And I said :'Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.'\" Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty, a silm figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. \"I don't make them up\she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.\"I don't have to.\" Beauticians,bartenders,piano players and poeple with purple hats,Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson,Miss.,from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that,at 78,her left ear has now given out.Sometimes,sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment（片断）of a particularly interesting story.
8.What happpened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A.Two strangers joined her. B.Her childhood friends came in. C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D.Some people held a party there. 9. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
10. What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction; A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They come from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers.
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渑池二高三年级英语科导学案签字（备课组长）：签字（年级主任）：2018.3.15
课前案:1---4DBCB 5---8CDAB 9—12 DCAB 对点集训：1---3BDB 4---7ADAA 8---11ADC
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