(4)表示推测“可能”，多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must，might，could等)
cg。it can’t be true.这不可能是真的。 Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢? 2.may／might
(1)表示许可、允许，意为“可以”，比can更正式。 eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗? May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗?
(2)表示推测“可能”，用于肯定句和否定句，不能用于疑问句。 eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。 She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。 (二)can与be able to的区别 1.两者都可以用来表示能力。 eg.I can／am able to mend the bike.
2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could)，而be able to可用于多种时态。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few months. He hasn’t been able to get there before dark. 3.can可以表示推测，但be able to不能。 eg.That Can't be Gina's dictionary. 4.can与be able to；不能重复使用 eg.他能做好这件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X) He can do it well.(√) He is able to do it well.(√) (三)must与have to的区别 1.主客观方面不同。
must表“义务”或“强制”，表示主观的必要；在肯定句中must还可表推测，语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”，表示客观的必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。) He must beat home before supper。(他晚饭前一定在家。) 2.人称和时态不同。
must无人称和时态的变化，一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形，有人称、数和时态的变化，一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to，过去时中要用had to，将来时中要用will have to。另外，have to还可与，情态动词和助动词连用。 eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.
The train has left.We'll have to wait for the next train. 3.否定式及意义不同。
must not=mustn't“决不可／千万不可／务必不要”； don’t／doesn’t／didn’t／won’t+have to“不必”
eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。 We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。 在对May I…?作否定回答时用No， you mustn’t／can’t. eg. May l go to the movies? NO，You mustn't 5.疑问式及回答不同。
Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes，主语+ must.／NO，主语+needn’t. 助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…? Yes，主语+助动词.／No，主语+助动词+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes，you must.／NO，you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes，she does.／NO，she doesn’t.
初中英语九大词类复习攻略（动词1）
动词(verb.)动词表示主语的动作或状态 (一)动词的种类。
(1)及物动词vt，其后接宾语。 eg.She wears a uniform. (2)不及物动词vi，不接宾语。 eg :She can dance. (3)连系动词like-v.接表语。 eg.They are nurses. That sounds interesting. His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
(4)助动词aux--V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思，只起语法作用eg, DO you like pandas? He has gone to Australia. She is looking at the cat.
)。 (5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语，有自己的意思，无人称和数的变化)。 Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
(6)有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作助动词或不及物动词，be也可作助动词。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.) Do as you like.(Vi.)
She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.) She is swimming now.(aux-v.) 二)情态动词的用法
(一)can，could，may的用法 l .can／could
(1)表示具有某种能力，意为“能，能够，会”(could表过去)。 eg.I can sing English songs. Lisa can’t speak Japanese.
She could swim when she was four years old. (2)表示许：可、允许，意为“可以”。 eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
(3)表示请求某人做某事，意为“能，能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。 eg.Can／Could you help me，please?
初中英语九大词类复习攻略（连词）
连词(conj.用来连接词与词或句与句
(1)并列连词(用来连接平行的词、词组或分句) ①表并列关系：not only...but also，neither...nor，and ②表选择关系：or，either...or ③表转折关系：but，while ④表因果关系：for，so (2)从属连词(用来引导从句)
①引导时间状语从句： after，before，when，while，as，since，as soon as
②引导原因状语从句：because，as，since ③引导目的状语从句：so that，in order that ④引导结果状语从句：so that，so…that，such...that ⑤引导比较状语从句：than，as…as
until，till，⑥引导宾语从句：that，if, whether
初中英语九大词类复习攻略（比较级）
形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法 (1)形容词和副词比较级的用法 ①用于两者比较，表示“比…更…”： “A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B， eg.I am two years older than my little sister. “A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B：
eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students. ②用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“…和…一样”： “A+系动词+as+形容词原级+as+B， eg.Bill is as funny as his father. “A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B” eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily. ③表示甲在某方面不如乙：
“A+系动词+notas／so+形容i司原级+as十B” eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.
“A+助动词／情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS／SO+B” eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does. ④表示某个范围内的两者相比：
“A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)” eg.Penny is the taller of the two girls.Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。 ⑤表示“越来越…”：“比较级+and+比较级”
eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer.在春天，白天变得越来越长。
⑥表示“越…越…”：“the+比较级…the+比较级”
eg.The mort：you practice using English，the better you’ll learn it你英语练得越多，就会学得越好。
①可以用much，far，even，a bit，a little，a lot等修饰比较级表示程度，但决不可用very修饰。
eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一点； it is even colder today than yesterday。今天甚至比昨天更冷 ⑧在比较级中，为了避免重复，可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。
eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown.这儿比我的老家热得多。
The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。 (3)形容词和副词最高级的用法
对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最高级前可加the，也可省掉the；后面可带of／in短浯来说明比较范围：
“主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of短语／in短语” eg.She is the youngest Of all.
“A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of短语／in短语” eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class.
初中英语九大词类复习攻略(形容词/副词 )
形容词(adj.)表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。 形容词(adj.)表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。 (一)形容词的用法及位置
1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，作定语时一般放在名词前。
Eg. She has short hair.(作定语) Paul is tall.(作表语)
We must keep our room clean.(作宾补) 2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。 eg.She has something important to tell us.／ There’s nothing wrong in the sentence. (二)副词的种类、用法及位置 1.副词的种类 (1)时间副词
①表示大体时间：now，then，yesterday，today， tonight，before，justnow，recently，sO faf
②表示频率：always，usually，often，sometimes.seldom，never ③其它作用：already，yet，late，early，soon，at once，immediately，atfirst，at last，finally (2)地点副词
①表地点：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere
②表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near，off,past
(3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”，(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly (4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much，(a)little，a bit，very，sO，too，enough，quite,rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly
(5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句：how，when, where，why
(6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how，when，where，why (7)关系副词引导定语从句：when，where，why
(8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：frankly(坦率地说，说真的)，generally(一般说来)，luckily(幸运地是)，first of all(首先)等。 2.副词的用法及位置 (1)修饰动词作状语
①多数位于动词之后，及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。
eg.The farmers are working hard in the field. She speaks English well.
The nurse looks after the babies carefully. ②频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动词之后。 eg.He always goes to school On foot. She was often late for school. I have never been to Beijing·
(2)修饰形容词作状语，放在形容词前。 eg.He has a very nice watch. The box is too heavy.
(3)修饰另一副词作状语，放在另一副词前。 eg.She paints quite well.
You speak too fast.I can’t understand you. (4)作表语，放在系动词后。 eg.Is anybody in?
(5)作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。 eg.I saw him out just now. (6)作定语，放在名词之后。
eg.There is a man：here On vacation.
(7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps，first，sometimes，finally等副词，一般放在句首。 eg.Finally，I finished the work. Perhaps he’s watching TV at home.
(8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前，而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。
eg. He is old enough to go to school. (三)形容词和副词的比较等级 1.比较级、最高级的构成 (1)单音节和少数双音节词 ①一般在词尾加er或est
great--greater——greatest，young——younger——youngest，slow→slower→slowest ②以e结尾的只加r或st
nice——nicer----nicest，large——larger—largest. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加er或est
heavy——heavier——heaviest， easy——easier——>easiest， busy——busier——busiest， funny——funnier——+funniest，early——earlier→earliest
④以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加er或est big——bigger——biggest， thin——thinner——>thinnest，fat—)fatter→fattest，ht—)fitter→fittest
(2)多音节和部分双音节词，前加more为比较级，加(the)most为最高级
careful→more careful——most careful useful——more useful——most useful popular→more popular→most popular
carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly (3)不规则变化的词 good／well→better→best bad／ill／badly→worse→worst many／much→more→most little→less→least
old→older／elder→oldest(指年龄大小)／eldest(指长幼顺序) far→farther／further→farthest(指距离)／furthest(指程度)
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