1. 英语国际音标表（48个） 元音（20个） 短元音 长元音 双元音 [i] [ə] [u] [כ] [ʌ] [æ] [e] [i:] [ə:] [u:] [כ:] [a:] [ei] [ai] [əu] [au] [כi] [iə] [eə] [uə] 辅音（28个） 轻辅音 浊辅音 轻辅音 浊辅音 其他辅音 2. 英语音标及其对应字母/字母组合对照表 字母/ 序号 音标 字母组合 元音（20个） ee ea 1 [i:] e ie ei 2 [i] i three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece niece receive ceiling sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big miss 1
[p] [ t] [ k] [f] [θ] [b] [d] [g] [s] [v] [ð] [z] [ʃ] [ts] [tʃ] [tr] [ʒ] [dz] [dʒ] [dr] [m] [n ] [ŋ] [ ǀ ] [ r] [ h] [ w ] [ j ] 例词
y e 3 [æ] a myth many twenty happy dictionary define decide bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man elephant remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes head bread pleasure many any girl shirt skirt thirty bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth term her serve work worm world teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor author familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control polite around account ago banana China delicious gracious car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother brother love above trouble rough flourish 2
e 4 [e] ea a ir [ə:] 5 ([ɜ: ]) ur ear er or er or 6 [ə] ar o a ou 7 [a:] ar a u 8 [ʌ] o ou
oo or(e) au a 9 [ɔ:] our oor ar al oa(r) [ɔ] ([ɒ]) o a blood flood short lord horse for forty sport store more pore author autumn cause small wall tall hall ball call four mourn court door floor warm quarter talk walk broad broadcast board hot lost lot fox box mop loss collar not want wash watch food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth truth true blue put full bull pull push look good foot book wood should could woman wolf name cake late gate plane play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey bike fine find nine my try fly cry 10 11 [u:] oo u(e) u 12 [u] oo ou o a ay 13 [ei] ea ai ey 14 [ai] i y 3
ie igh 15 [au] ou ow o 16 [əu] ow oa 17 [ɔi] oy oi eer ea(r) air 19 [eə] ere are ear oor 20 [uə] ure our die tie lie light night high thigh house out ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal boy toy joy oil soil voice choice beer deer pioneer ear near hear idea chair air fair there where care hare aware pear bear poor sure lure tour 辅音（28个） 18 [iə] 1 [p] 2 [b] 3 4
[t] [d] p pp pe b bb be t tt te d pot pig put apple apply tape cape book bag big but rabbit rubber bubble tube describe probe tooth teacher tea table little shuttle kite rite despite dog dig duck dad 4
5 [k] 6 7 8 9 [g] [f] [v] [s] 10 [z] dd de k ke c ck ch g gg f ff fe v ve s ss ce z zz ze se es th th sh ur ch j g (d)ge tr dr ts ds pudding riddle rude hide side keep risk cook cake make choke cat cup cap clock sock stock character girl green good god egg foggy giggle father fat foot full fit off giraffe cliff wife life knife very vary vivid arrive native active small study bus yes must class kiss bless rice nice patience zoo zero zigzag jazz puzzle size prize realize wise realise recognise clothes earth thank tenth those that there cash bush shake shoe ship measure pleasure leisure chair chicken lunch change jack job juice gesture ginger giraffe judge change charge tree truck train dress drink draw students coats cats beds odds codes 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 [θ] [ð] [ʃ ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] 5
21 [m] 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 [n] [ŋ] [h] [l] [r] [w] [ j] m mm me n nn ne n ng h l ll le r w wh y mum moon morning room common community commitment come name time moon nut noodle funny sunny inn nine line mine ink link ring beginning hello hurry hire look leg lake ill hill tall hole candle pile rain radio room window want week what where white yellow yes you 注：一般来说，每个音标对应的是跟它具有相似性的字母，相似性可能是音似
或形似。
3. 利用所给音标拼读单词的步骤
（1）分组：按照“辅元组合”的原则把音素进行分组，不能组合的音素则独
立成组， 例如： number ['nʌ m bə] compose [kə m 'pəʊ z]
（2）串音：把分好组的音串连起来，同时调整重读
注：重读的调整原则是“怎么读着顺怎么来”，重读音节多读一声或四
声。
4. 利用读音记忆单词的基本步骤
（1）利用读音记忆单词的两个基本前提 ① 熟知单词的读音
② 熟知单个音标对应的字母或字母组合
（2）在以上两个基本前提之下，把每个音标转换成对应的字母或字母组合，
即得到所要记忆单词的词形
6
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