1、名词性从句:名词性从句顾名思义就是指在句子中起名词作用的句子,其功能相当于名词词组。名词性从句在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词主要有三类:
(1) 连接词:that,whether(是否),if(表假设:是否),as if(好像、仿佛)/though(虽然
陈述句/疑问句:我是一个善良的人吗。/我是一个善良的人吗?
、That用来引导陈述句,本身没有意思,在宾语从句和表语从句中一般可以省略,但所引导的从句在介词之后或that引导主语从句和同位语从句时是不能省略的。
Eg:I know nothing about him except he is from America.除了知道他来自于美国,我对他一无所知。
The trouble is that we are shout of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
The trouble is we are shout of money.(即使省略了也要判断主句和从句)
(练习)We hope all would come well.(翻译和判断主句和从句)
、whether和if引导一般疑问句(从句中的一般疑问句要用陈述语气);asif/though引导表语从句
It is doubtful whether/if the President knew the details of the plan.总统是否知道这个计划的细节,这一点颇有疑问。
(2) 连接副词:when,why,how(如何、多少、什么),whereI have no idea why she cries.我不知道她为什么哭。
(3) 连接代词:who(谁),whom(谁的宾格),whose(谁的),what(什么),which(哪一个),whatever(无论什么),whichever(无论哪一个),whoever(无论是谁):由于它们在名词性从句中作相应从句的成分,因此一般不能省略。
Whoever comes is welcome.无论谁来都欢迎。
The dairy of mine record who is real friend in my college day.我的日记记录了谁是我大学里真正的朋友。
Fame and personal gain is what they after.他们追求的是名利。
2、 主语从句:名词性从句作为一个整体,充当句子的主语时,就是主语从句。主语从句通常出现在句首谓语动词之前(1) 主语从句例句
What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat.(引导词做主语)曾经令人兴奋的新玩意转眼成了旧物。
What she said sounded convincing,but i suspect it to be a lie.(引导词做宾语)她的话听起来像那么回事,但我认为那是谎话。
【考研真题】
What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are stillbuyers in the market.
他指出,与上次低迷有所不同的是,现在市场上仍有买家。(2) 形式主语和真正的主语
It has not been decided where the meeting is to be held.在哪里开会还没决定。
It is sheer luck that the miner are still alive 10 days after.十天后矿工还活着完全是靠运气。
【考研真题】It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the airflows that make formation flight more efficient.
练习:翻译
It is essential that these application forms should be sent as early aspossible.
(3) It作为形式主语的结构和It引导强调句的区分
强调句:当需要强调一句话中的某个内容时,我们可以使用强调句。强调句最常见的结构是“it is/was+强调的部分+that+句子的其它成分”。当强调部分为人时,that还可以用who替代。Eg:
It is not only in the public ways,but in private life equally,that wisdom isneeded.不仅在工作场合,在私人生活中同样需要智慧。
Lenin stressed that it is the people who create history.列宁强调说正是人民创造了历史。
It is Kevin who use little time for study but spend lots of time on anotherthings.凯文,正是那个花很少时间读书,却在其它地方花很多心思的人,
那么,It作为形式主语的结构和It引导强调句的区分在哪呢?
在强调句的结构中,it is/was+强调的部分+that+句子的其它成分”,itis/was...that...是一个框架,只起强调的作用,把这个框架去掉,剩下的句子表达仍是完整的,而且it在句子中不充当任何成分。对比:
It has not been decided where the meeting is to be held.在哪里开会还没决定。
Lenin stressed that it is the people who create history.列宁强调说正是人民创造了历史。
练习:哪个是强调句哪个是主语从句。
It was LiMing that I met at the railway station yesterday.It is important that you pass the examination.
3、 宾语从句4、 表语从句5、 同位语从句2、 定语从句的讲解3、 状语从句的讲解
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