一轮复习讲义3: M1U4-M1U5 知识点 ____________ M1U4: 1. 立刻/马上right away/right now/at once/in no time 2. 突然破裂/爆发(n.);爆裂/爆发(vi.) burst, burst, burst 突然大哭起来 burst into tears/burst out crying 突然大笑起来 burst into laughter/burst out laughing 闯入…(接宾语) burst into…/break into… 破门而入/闯入(不接宾语) burst in/break in
勃然大怒 burst with anger; 乐不开支 burst with joy 3. 仿佛/好像as if/as though 即使/尽管even if/even though
4. 结束/终结(状态)(常作表语) (be) at an end 结束(动作) come to an end
(使)…结束/终止… bring… to an end/put an end to… 使收支相抵make ends meet; 连续地/直立地 on end 终于in the end/finally/at last
在…尽头at the end of…; 到…末为止 by the end of… 以…结束/告终 end in sth./end up with (doing) sth. 1) 他们的长期努力以失败告终。 Their long struggle ended in failure. 2) 美国人用餐时先喝汤, 最后吃水果。
When eating a meal, Americans begin with a soup and end up with fruits.
5. 废墟(可数)/毁灭(不可数)(n.); 毁灭/使破产(vt.) ruin 严重受损/破败不堪(be/lie) in ruins (lie, lay, lain) 灭亡/荒废/衰败 fall into ruin; 自取灭亡 ruin oneself 6. 损害/伤害(vt.) injure;
伤口(n.) injury
受伤的(adj.) injured; 伤员the injured (谓语用复数) 辨析: injure/hurt/wound/destroy/damage injure hurt wound harm destroy damage
在意外事故中受伤
在精神上/肉体上/感情上受到伤害 战斗中受到的刀伤、枪伤, 利器所伤 伤害人的健康/权利/事业等, “对…有害” 毁灭性的破坏, 不可修复 使用价值遭到破坏, 可修复
对某人来说是个打击(be) a shock to sb. 9. 援救/营救(n.& vt.) rescue
援救某人come to one’s rescue/rescue sb. 把某人/某物从…营救出来rescue sb./sth. from… 10. 陷阱(n.);使陷入困境(vt.) trap, trapped, trapped 困在…中/陷在…中 be trapped in… 11. 掘出/发现dig out (dig, dug, dug)
12. 埋葬/掩埋/隐藏(vt.) bury, buried, buried, burying 把…埋在…里bury…in…; 被活埋 be buried alive 专心于… Sb. be buried in…/Sb. bury oneself in… Sb. be absorbed in (doing) sth./Sb. be lost in (doing) sth. 陷入沉思中, 他没听到老师说什么。
Lost in thought, he didn’t hear what the teacher said. 13. 许多/大量的a (great/large) number of…
注意: a number of +名词复数, “许多”, 谓语用复数。 the number of+名词复数, “…的数量”, 谓语用单数; 被邀请人数是50人, 但其中很多人因不同原因缺席。 The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 14. 地震(n.) earthquake/quake
15. 井(n.); 涌出/喷出(v.); 健康的(adj.); 好(adv.) well 16. 管/导管(n.) pipe 17. 百万(n.) million;
百万富翁(n.) millionaire “数以百万的…”
数词+million(单数)+名词复数 “几百万的…” millions of…+名词复数 18. 事件/大事/(体育)赛事(n.) event
19. 民族/国家/国民(n.) nation; 国家的(a.) national 国籍/民族(n.) nationality; 国际的(adj.) international 20. 运河/水道(n.) canal; 22. 污垢/泥土(n.) dirt;
21. 蒸汽/水汽(n.) steam 脏的(adj.) dirty 23. 苦难/痛苦(n.) suffering; (vt. & vi.) suffer 遭受(灾害)/患病suffer from
24. 极度的(adj.) extreme; 极度地(adv.) extremely 25. 砖/砖块(n.) brick;
26. 水坝/堰堤(n.) dam
27. 轨道/足迹/痕迹(n.) track
28. 无用的/无效的(adj.) useless; 有用的(adj.) useful 用/使用/用途(v. & n.) use; 29. 电/电流/电学(n.) electricity 30. 灾难/灾祸(n.) disaster 31. 矿/矿山/矿井(n.) mine; 躲雨 take shelter from the rain 在…的庇护下under the shelter of… 搭建避难所put up shelters
33. 标题/头衔/资格(n.) title; 34. 条/棒/条状物(n.) bar 1
矿工(n.) miner
32. 掩蔽(处)/避身处(n.);保护…(v.) shelter
使用/用法(n.) usage
伤害某人 do an injury to sb./do sb. an injury 对…有害do harm to…/be harmful to…
吸烟有害健康。Smoking does harm to your health.
Smoking is harmful to your health.
对…造成损害do damage to…/cause damage to… 7. 破坏/毁坏/消灭(vt.) destroy, destroyed, destroyed 8. (使)震惊/震动(vt.& vi.); 休克/打击/震惊(n.) shock (感到)吃惊的/震惊的(adj.) shocked 令人震惊的/可怕的/触目惊心的(adj.) shocking 对…感到震惊be shocked by/at…
35. 记者(n.) reporter;
报告/报道(v.) report
36. 损失/损害(n.& vt.) damage (不可数名词) 37. 使惊吓/吓唬(vt.) frighten 受惊的/受恐吓的(adj.) frightened 令人恐惧的(adj.) frightening 受到…惊吓be frightened at… 害怕某人be frightened of sb. 害怕做某事be frightened of doing sth. 那个消息是令人恐惧的, 他们都吓坏了。
The news was frightening and they were all frightened. 38. 祝贺; (复数)贺词(n.) congratulation 祝贺(vt.) congratulate
因某事祝贺某人congratulate sb. on sth.
(offer one’s) congratulations to sb. on sth.39. 裁判员/法官(n.); 断定/判断/判决(vt.) judge 判断(n.) judgement/judgment
根据…判断某人/某物 judge sb./sth. by/from… 根据…判断(句首作状语) Judging by/from… 某人认为 as far as sb. can judge/in one’s judg(e)ment 通过他所说的话来判断, 他一定是一个诚实的人。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 40. 真诚地/真挚地(adv.) sincerely; (adj.) sincere 41．快车/快递(n.); 表示/表达(vt.) express 表情/表达方式(n.) expression 表达自己的思想感情express oneself 面部表情facial expressions 词语words and expressions 无法形容beyond expression 42．要点/大纲/轮廓(n.) outline 43．报刊的大字标题(n.) headline 44．骑自行车的人(n.) cyclist;
骑自行车(v.) cycle
45. 幸存者/生还者/残存物(n.) survivor 幸寸/经历…之后还活着/比…活得长(v.) survive A比B活得长 A survive B/ B is survived by A 46. 想像(做)某事imagine (doing) sth. 想像某人做某事imagine sb./one’s doing sth. 47. 升起/上升(vi.) rise, rose , risen, rising
上升了…(幅度) rise by…; 上升到…(结果) rise to… 提高/举起/饲养/筹集(资金) raise, raised, raised 48. 为…感到骄傲/自豪 be proud of… 高兴做某事/为…感到高兴 be proud to do sth. 49. 为了纪念… in honor of…
50. 对…评价不高/不看重… think little of… 对…评价很高/重视… think highly of…
speak highly of…/sing high praise of…
51. give out发出(光/热)/分发/精疲力竭/用光(无被动) give away赠送/分发/泄露(秘密); give up放弃
give in屈服/让步;
give in to… 向…屈服
give off发出(气味/光/热/声音等) 52. cut across 穿过/横穿/走捷径 cut up 切碎; cut down 减少; cut in 插嘴 cut off 切断…供应/与…隔绝
53. 乐意做某事be pleased/willing/ready to do sth. 54. 在户外in the open air; 55. 像往常一样as usual 56. 代替…/而不是…(介词短语, 作状语) instead of… 57. 作演讲give a speech M1U5: 1. 质量[U]/品质/性质[C] quality; 数量(n.) quantity 质量好/差be of high/poor quality 高质量的生活a life of high quality 2. 积极的/活跃的(adj.) active; (adv.) actively 活动(n.) activity;
行动(n.) action
采取行动take action; 在…方面积极 be active in… 积极参加某事 take an active part in sth. 在…中起重要作用play an important part in… 1) 尽管他年纪大了, 他仍积极参加体育锻炼。Even though he is old, he is still active in physical training. 2) 她积极参加社会活动。
He takes an active part in social activities. 3. 献身/致力于/专心(vt.) devote (与介词to连用) 忠实的/深爱的(adj.) devoted; 奉献/忠诚(n.) devotion 致力于…/献身于… devote oneself to (doing) sth. be devoted to (doing) sth. 1) 致力于帮助他人,他毕生精力用于挽救患者生命。 Devoted to helping others, he devoted his life to saving his patients. = Devoting himself to helping others, he was devoted to saving his patients. 归纳: to是介词, 后接名词或动名词的短语如下: look forward to… 盼望…; get down to…着手做… lead to… 导致…/通向…; belong to… 属于… pay attention to…注意…; object to… 反对… be/get used/accustomed to…
习惯于…
1) 我习惯于早起。I’m used to getting up early. 4. 失业(状态) (be) out of work = (be) out of a job 失去工作(动作) lose one’s job (lose, lost, lost) 上气不接下气(be) out of breath; 过时的out of date 失去控制out of control; 出故障/有毛病out of order 毫无疑问out of question; 不可能out of the question 看不见out of sight;
心不在焉out of mind
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够不着out of reach; 某人够不着out of one’s reach 不在原来的位置/不得体/不恰当out of place 5. 投票/选举(vt. & vi); 投票/选票/表决(n.) vote 投票赞成… vote for…; 投票反对… vote against… 投票表决某事vote on sth. 6. 进攻/攻击/抨击(vt.& n.) attack 遭到袭击/攻击 (be) under attack
7. 事实上/实际上as a matter of fact//in fact 8. 相等的/平等的(adj.) equal;
(adv.) equally 等于…/和…平等/胜任… be equal to (doing) sth. A在…方面比得上B /与B相匹敌A equal(s) B in… 1) 人人生来平等。All men are born equal. (作状语) 2) 比尔经营这家公司能够胜任。 Bill is equal to running the company. 3) 我们和他们同样有经验。
We are equal to/equal them in experience. 9. 处于困境(状态) be in trouble 陷入困境(动作) get into trouble 摆脱困境(动作) get out of trouble 摆脱困境(状态) be out of trouble 处于危险中(状态) be in danger 脱离危险(状态) be out of danger
做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 在某方面有困难have trouble with sth. 不辞辛劳做某事take the trouble to do sth. 自找麻烦/自寻烦恼ask for trouble
惹事生非/制造麻烦make trouble//cause trouble 10. 求助于…/转向…/翻到(某页)/查阅… turn to 向某人求助turn to sb. for help 查词典 turn to a dictionary
look up a word in a dictionary
打开turn on; 关上turn off 出现/调高声音turn up; 拒绝/调低声音turn down 上交turn in;
翻转/翻身turn over
结果是/证明是(不用被动) turn out (to be)… 11. 丧失勇气或信心lose heart 爱上… lose one’s heart to…
全心全意地heart and soul; 牢记..learn sth. by heart 对…全力以赴/专心于… put one’s heart into… 12. 逃脱(n.); 逃脱/泄露(vi.); 逃脱/逃避(vt.) escape 从…逃跑/逃脱escape from… 逃避做某事escape doing sth.
逃脱惩罚escape punishment//escape being punished 某事被某人忘记Sth. escape(s) sb. 九死一生have a narrow escape
1) 我记不起她的名字了。Her name escaped me. 13. 教育/训练(vt.) educate;
教育(n.) education 教育者(n.) educator; 受过教育的(adj.) educated 受过良好教育的be well educated 14. 当权/上台(动作) come to power 执政/掌权(状态) be in power
在某人的能力范围内within/in one’s power 超出某人的能力范围beyond/out of one’s power 15. 请求/乞求(vi.) beg, begged, begged, begging 向某人乞求某物beg sb. for sth.//beg sth. from sb. 恳求(某人)做某事beg (sb.) to do sth. 请原谅。/请再说一遍。I beg your pardon? 16. 报酬/奖金(n.); 酬劳/奖赏(vt.) reward 作为对某事的报酬/奖赏 as a reward for…
in return for…// in reward for…
因(做)某事酬谢某人reward sb. for (doing) sth. 用某物酬谢某人reward sb. with sth. 得到…的报酬be rewarded by… 辨析: reward/prize/award reward (n.) 回报/酬金, 指钱或物; (v.) 报答/酬谢 prize (n.) 获几等奖或获奖金额
award (n.) 奖品/奖金; (v.) 授予/颁发/判给 17. 设立/建立/竖立/搭起set up 搭起/张贴 put up; 出现/露面 show up 写下/记下set down; 把…放在一边/留出set aside 出发/动身set out;
出发/使爆炸/引起set off
出发去某地set out for sp.//set off for sp. 开始做某事set out to do sth.//set about doing sth. 18. 句子(n.); 判决/宣判(vt.) sentence 判处某人死刑sentence sb. to death
叛处某人入狱五年sentence sb. to 5 years in prison 判处某人终身监禁sentence sb. to prison for life 被判处…(徒刑) be sentenced to… 19. 意见/看法/主张(n.) opinion
在我看来in my opinion//in my view//in my eyes
as far as I am concerned//from my point of view 20. 想要(v.); 吝啬的/自私的/卑鄙的(adj.) mean 意义/意图/含义(n.) meaning
有意义的/意味深长的(adj.) meaningful 对某人在某方面吝啬be mean to sb. with sth. 打算做某事mean to do sth. 意味着做某事mean doing sth. 1) 我没想伤害你的感情。 I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings. 2) 在伦敦的一些地方, 错过一班车意味着再等一个小
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时。 In some places of London, missing a bus 公正的/公平的(adj.) fair means waiting for another hour 21. 慷慨的/大方的(adj.) generous
对某人在某方面慷慨be generous to sb. with sth. 某人做某事真是大方。It is generous of sb. to do sth. 22. 自我/自身(n.) self;
自私的(adj.) selfish 无私的/忘我的(adj.) selfless; 无私地(adv.) selflessly 23. 建立/建设(vt.) found, founded, founded 找到/发现/认为(v.) find, found, found 24. 共和国/共和政体(n.) republic 25. 法则/原则/原理(n.) principle
违背某人的原则against one’s principle(s) 原则问题a matter of principle
26. 和平的/平静的/安宁的(adj.) peaceful 和平/平静/安宁(n.) peace 用和平方式in a peaceful way 27. 人类(n.) mankind 28. 律师(n.) lawyer;
法律(n.) law
29. 指导/领导(n.) guidance; 指导(v.);导游(n.) guide 就某事给某人提供指导offer guidance to sb. on sth. 在某人的指导下under the guidance of sb.
under sb.’s guidance
30. 法律的/依照法律的(adj.) legal 非法的/违法的(adj.) illegal 31. 费(会费、学费等)/酬金(n.) fee (交通工具)票价/车(船)费(n.) fare
付学费pay the school fees; 付车费pay the bus fare 32. 怀有希望的/有希望的(adj.) hopeful 绝望的/无望的(adj.) hopeless 有益的/有帮助的(adj.) helpful 无助的/无用的(adj.) helpless 对…充满希望 be hopeful about sth. 33. 青年/青年时期(n.) youth 34. 同盟/联盟/联合会(n.) league 青年团the Youth League 35. 舞台/阶段/时期(n.) stage 36. 暴力/暴行(n.) violence 暴力的/激烈的/极端的(adj.) violent 以暴治暴answer violence with violence 37. 使充气/爆炸blow up (blow, blew, blown) 38. 乐意的/自愿的(adj.) willing
不愿意的/不情愿的/勉强的(adj.) unwilling 乐意/愿意做某事be willing to do sth. 愿意让某人做某事be willing for sb. to do sth. 39. 不公正的/不公平的(adj.) unfair
40. 毛毯/毯子(n.) blanket
41. 亲戚/家属(n.) relative; 关系(n.) relationship 42．恐怖/可怕的人/恐怖时期/恐怖活动(n.) terror 恐怖主义(n.) terrorism; 恐怖分子(n.) terrorist
43. 残忍/残酷(n.) cruelty; 残忍的(adj.) cruel
对某人残忍be cruel to sb.
某人做…很残忍。It is cruel of sb. to do sth. 44. 反黑人的(adj.) anti-black 45. 总统/会长/校长/行长(n.) president 46. 热心肠的(adj.) warm-hearted 冷血的cold-blooded ; 脾气好的good-tempered 心不在焉的absent-minded; 近视的near-sighted 头脑简单的simple-minded; 中年的middle-aged 47. 随和的/温和宽容的(adj.) easy-going 外向的/即将离职的/出发的(adj.) outgoing 48. 侵略者(n.) invader;
侵略(v.) invade
49. 巨大的/庞大的(adj.) giant
50．南非共和国有色人种的身份证(n.) passbook 51．释放/发行(vt.) release 52. 为…而死die for;
相继死去die off
灭绝/绝种/绝迹/(火等的)熄灭die out
死于…(内因) die of (cancer/hunger/sorrow/old age) 死于…(外因) die from (a disease/a wound/overwork) (风等)慢慢变弱die down; (声音)渐渐消失die away 渴望得到… be dying for… 渴望做某事be dying to do sth.
53. 为…而战fight for… (fight, fought, fought) 为反对…而战/与…作斗争 fight against… 与…并肩作战fight with… 54. 相信某人所说的话believe sb. 信任某人believe in sb.;
信仰某事believe in sth.
55. 脱离… (状态) be free from… 56. (在)坐牢(状态) (be) in prison 把某人投进监狱put sb. in prison
57. 第一个做某事的人the first person to do sth. 58. 一段非常艰苦的时期a very difficult period 59. 就某事向某人征求建议
go to sb. for advice on sth.
60. 因某事对某人表示感激
be grateful/thankful to sb. for sth.
61. 实现某人的梦想 realize/achieve one’s dream
make one’s dream come true
62. 在午餐休息时间 during the lunch breaks 63. 自我感觉良好feel good about oneself
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