: (in Oriental countries)a market or street of shops and stalls(东方国家的)市场，集市 : a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) : dim；indistinct模糊的；朦胧的
FONT style=\"BACKGROUND-COLOR: cornflowerblue\" color=white>harmonious (adj．) : having musical tones combined to give a pleasing effect；consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的／harmoniously adv．
:a great number of people gathered together；crowd人群；群集 : that can be conceived，imagined 可想象的，想得到的 : a loud，continuous noise喧闹声，嘈杂声
: intended to be预期成为……的；将要成为……的 : (of a sound)made softer than is usual(声音)减弱的
: having the form of a vault；arched穹窿形的；拱形的
: a cave，esp．a large cave洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞)
: suggestive of the grave or burial；dismal；gloomy坟墓般的；阴森森的
: any association for mutual aid and the promotion of common interests互助会；协会 :a frame consising of a horizontal beam fastened to two pairs of spreading legs，used to support planks to form a table，platform，etc．支架；脚手台架；搁凳
: strike，hit，or dash；have an effect撞击，冲击，冲撞；对……具有影响 : the imaginary land where the fairies live；a lovely enchanting place仙境；奇境 : make or become shiny by rubbing；polish擦亮；磨光；抛光 : a metal pan，bowl，etc．，to hold burning coals or charcoal，as for warming a room or grilling food火盆；火钵
:make or grow unclear(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊
:having rhythm有韵律的；有节奏的／rhythmically adv
:(sing．&p1.)a device that produces a stream of air through a narrow tube when its sides are pressed together(used for blowing fires，etc．)(单复同)风箱
:complex；hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships；full of elaborate detail错综复杂的；精心制作的
:strange or different in a way that is striking or fascinating奇异的；异常迷人的 :involving great expense；costly lavish豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的 :
:a confusing，intricate network of winding pathways 迷津；迷宫；曲径 :fill with holes like a honeycomb使成蜂窝状
:a Moslem temple or place of worship清真寺；伊斯兰教堂
:in the Orient．a kind of inn with a large central court，where caravans stop for the night东方商队(或旅行队)的客店
:feeling or expressing disdain；scornful and aloof；proud轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的／disdainfully adv．
:a large bundle大包，大捆 :the seed of flax亚麻籽
:dark and gloomy or dull阴沉的；昏暗的 :a soft，moist，formless mass that sticks together浆
:1ikely to fall to pieces；shaky要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的 ．
:make small or insignificant；make seem small in comparison使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌
:a large tank，tub，or cask for holding liquids大缸；大桶
:moving or acting quickly and lightly灵活的；敏捷的／nimbly adv． :a large beam，usually horizontal，of timber or steel．for supporting the joists of a floor，the framework of a building．the superstructure of a bridge，etc•大梁 :a slow，small flow细流；涓流
:flow or leak out slowly，as through very small holes 渗出；慢慢地流
:runnel a small stream；little brook or rivulet；a small channel or watercourse小溪；小沟；小槽
:shine or sparkle with reflected light, as a wet or polished surface；flash(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光
:tightly stretched，as a rope(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的 短语 (Expressions)
: move through carefully or slowly，changing direc- tion frequenfly as moving小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向)
例： Slowly she threaded her way back through the moving mass of people．她慢慢挤过熙熙攘攘的人群往回走。
: to do the same as someone else has done赶潮流，学样
例： Many young girls are fond of following suit at present．时下许多年轻女孩热衷于赶潮流。
: reduce the number of缩小(范围，数字等)
例： Please narrow down the topic of your speech to avoid waste of time．请缩小你讲话的主题以免浪费时间。
: bargain with(seller)，causing seller to lower price(与卖主)往下砍价
例： It is necessary to know how to beat down the price when bar- gaining．在与卖主讲价时应该知道怎样压价。
: regard or treat it as necessary认为……是必要的
例： The teachers make a point of setting strict demands on the students．老师们认为为学生制定严格的要求是很必要的
: join to help帮助，帮忙
例： When you meet troubles we are gladt0 take a hand ourselves．当你遇到困难时我们愿意帮助你。
: use all one’s strength to press down使劲压在(某物)上
例： he doctor throws his weight on t0 the patient’s chest，but it does not work．医生使尽全身力气压住病人的胸口，但是无济于事。
: set sth．going；launch使…一运动，移动 例： Before the gasoline is discovered，people use diesel oil to set the engine in motion．在发现汽油之前，人们使用柴油来发动引擎。
(第一段)中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤
日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
(第三段) 中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。例如，在布市上，所有那 1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
（第四段）对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。假如让店主猜中了她所要买的商品的话，他便会漫天要价，而且在还价过程中也很难作出让步。而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。顾客有时来了又去，去了又来，因此，像这样讨价还价的情形有可能持续一整天，甚至好几天。
Lesson 2
:reporting报道的，报告的
:a loose out garment with short，wide sleeve and a sash。part of the traditional costume of Japanese men and women和服
:a matter which takes up an one's attention令人全神贯注的事物 :forgetful or unmindful(usually with of or to)忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用) :move or act in a bobbing manner，move suddenly or jerkily；to curtsy quickly上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼
: of or having the nature of，or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典礼的
:the front of a building；part of a building facing a street，courtyard，etc．(房屋)正面，门面
:roll，pitch，or sway suddenly forward or to one side突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜 :a short piece of music played alone．or one which connects longer pieces插曲；间奏曲
:very big；huge；colossal；immense巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的 :an official doorkeeper门房；传达员
:utter(a sign，groan，etc．)with great effort or pain(费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等)
:a large boat，usually flat—bottomed，for carrying heavy freight on rivers，canals，etc．；a large pleasure boat，esp. one used for state ceremonies，pageants，etc．大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇
:hold(a ship，etc．)in place by cables or chains to the shore，or by anchors，etc．系泊；锚泊
:attracting attention；interesting；striking引人注目的；有趣的 :grayish—tan米黄色；浅灰黄色的 :[Jap．]a floor mat woven of rice straw，used traditionally in Japanese homes for sitting on，as when eating[日]日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米
:[colloq．]remarkably attractive，excellent[口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的
:a sudden，brief，darting pain or pang；a sudden．brief feeling of remorse，shame，etc．刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚
:(slew或slayed, slain，slaying)kill or destroy in a violent way杀害；毁掉
:continue to live or exist although very close to death or the end苟延；历久犹存 :very great mental or physical pain(精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦
:hold back or keep from some action，feeling，etc 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等) :of or having to do with the spine or spinal cord脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的 :shaken；perturbed；excited颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的
:a dreamy，fanciful，or visionary notion or daydream梦想；幻想；白日梦 :outrageously evil or wicked；abominable 极可恨的，极可恶的，极坏的
:a violent and sudden change or event．esp. a serious flood or earthquake灾变(尤指洪水、地震等)
:pull down，tear down，or smash to pieces拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏 :[chem.]a colorless，pungent gas，HCHO， used in solution as a strong disinfectant and preservation，and in the manufacture of synthetic resins，dyes. etc．[化]甲醛 :[chem.]a light colorless liquid made from alcohol，which burns and is easily changed into a gas(used in industry and as an anaesthetic to put people to sleep before an operation)[化]醚；乙醚
:hurt the pride or dignity of by causing to be or seem foolish or contemptible使受辱，使丢脸
:of or having to do with genetics遗传的 短语 (Expressions)
: a feeling of pressure in one’s throat (cause by repressed emotion as love，sadness，etc．)如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等)
例： Many British people had a lump in their throat on hearing the death of Dianna．许多英国人在听到黛安娜王妃的死讯时如哽在喉。
: occupying one’s thoughts(esp．as a source of wor- ry，)占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源)
例： The thought that is always on my mind is whether to go broad or not．我一直在思考的一个问题是究竟要不要出国。
: (infml)meet and mix with(people)与(人们)联系，交往
例： The foreign visitors said that they would like to rub shoulders with ordinary Chinese people．那些外国游客们说他们愿意与中国老百姓有来往。 : start(a journey，race，etc．)开始(旅行，赛跑等)
例： If you want to catch that train we’better set off for the station immediately．你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。
: move very quickly in the specified direction急速向某方向运
动
例： The train flashed by at high speed火车疾驰而过。 : (of liquids)go down into another substance；be absorbed (指液体)渗入，被吸收(fig．)(of words，etc．)be fully absorbed or un- derstood：penetrate esp．gradually(指话语等)完全理解 例： Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in．把这种软膏搽在皮肤上，让它渗进去。 The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in．这一悲惨事件涉及的范围已逐渐完全清楚了。 : way of making a living，esp．a job that involves making sth．；occupation以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业)
例： be a butcher，carpenter，tailor，etc．by trade做肉商、木匠、裁缝等
（第25段） “我当时就在这个城市，不过没在市中心。我之所以对您讲起这些，是因为我已差不多步入老年了。在这个以牡蛎闻名的城市里有两种截然不同的意见，一种主张保存原子弹爆炸留下的痕迹，另一种则主张销毁一切痕迹，甚至要拆除立于爆炸中心的纪念碑。这一派人还要求拆掉原子博物馆。”
（第34段）“因为在这座城市里苟延残喘是一种耻辱。假如你身上有着明显的原子伤痕，你的孩子就会受到那些没有伤痕的人的歧视。男人们谁也不愿娶一个原子弹受害者的女儿或侄女为妻。他们害怕核辐射会造成遗传基因病变。”
第（38段）“那是我的吉祥鸟。每当我从死神那儿挣脱出来的那一天，每当病痛将我从尘世烦恼中解放出来的那一天，我都要叠一只新的小纸鸟，加到原有的纸鸟群里去。我就这样看着这些纸鸟，庆幸病痛给自己带来的好运。因为正是我的病痛使我有了怡养性情的机会。”
Lesson 5
:a large，moving crowd or throng群，人群
:an outdoor game-、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会
:designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party)．founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子
: that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的
:completely without；empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of) - :be better or greater than，or superior to(another or others)优于；胜过 :fierce；savage；violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的 :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言)；收回(前言)
:foolishness；any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢；愚蠢的行为(或思想等) :doorstill；entrance or beginning point of sth．门槛；人口；开端
:work(1and)in raising crops，as by plowing，fertilizing，etc．；cultivate耕种；耕耘；耕作
: extending back beyond memory or record；ancient无法追忆的；无文字记载的；古老的
:．get or extract by force，threats，persistence，etc.; extort强求；榨取；勒索 :not derivative；fundamental；original根本的；基本的
:horrible to see，hear etc．；very ugly or revolting；dreadful骇人听闻的；非常丑陋的；可怕的
:a violent，intense attack猛攻
: make a sharp，metallic sound发当啷声，发铿锵声
:make a look like a dandy；dress up使打扮得像花花公子；给……穿上盛装，给……乔装打扮
:subtly deceitful；cunning；artful；sly狡猾的，狡诈的，诡计多端的
:make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe；intimidate恫吓，吓唬，威胁 :easy to manage or discipline；tractable易管教的；顺从的，温顺的，驯服的；听话的
:of or like a brute；savage；gross野兽般的，残忍的；粗野的 :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously；trudge沉重缓慢地走 :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆
:any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited蝗虫
:feel mental distress or irritation，as in resentment，remorse，etc．感到痛苦；感到伤心
:an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的动物；牺牲者；牺牲品
:of，like，or characteristic of a villain；evil；vicious；wicked坏人的；邪恶的；恶棍似的
:agree(with)；be in accord(in an opinion，etc．)同意，赞成，与……(意见)一致(常与with，in连用)
:that cannot be revoked，recalled，or undone；unalterable不能取消的；不可废止的；不可改变的；无可挽回的
:a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹；遗迹；痕迹
:have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy；confer会谈(尤指与敌方的谈判)
:a statement of belief，principles，or opinions on any subject信条；信念
:departure from a particular viewpoint，practice，etc．偏离，背离，背驰 :think，write，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self—righteous or tedious way(在言谈或写作中)论道德问题；说教
:any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难；灾祸；祸患
:a strong desire to kill or wound杀人欲，嗜杀狂
:attract，tempt，or entice(often with Dm)吸引；诱惑；不断引诱(常与on连用) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛掷；猛抛 :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc．；preliminary part； preface；opening序言；序幕
:come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant；interpose干涉，干预
- :bringing under control；conquering征服，制服
:the fireside as the center of family life：family life；home炉边；家庭生活；家庭 短语 (Expressions)
: cause sb．or sth．to gather in one place驱集，使集拢
例： The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach．导游把游客集合在一起，领他们回到车上。
: rely on sb．or sth．with confidence依靠，信赖，指望
例： Don’t count on a salary increase this year．别指望今年会加薪水。 : do one’s utmost，spare no efforts全力以赴
例： I’lle team is going all out to win the championship．这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。
: speaking of or mentioning sb．or sth．提到，提及
例： The commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scan． dal．这个评论员有针对性地提到了最近的丑闻。
: with the meaning that…,giving the information that…大意为
例： He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning．他留下一张字条，大意是说他不回来了。
: at the point of entering or beginning of在……门口，在……的开端 例： The politician was on the threshold of his career．那位政治家的事业刚刚起步。 : reduce to bondage；enslave束缚，限制，奴役
例： The veteran worker refuses to be tied。down by petty restric- tion．那个老工人不理会琐细的规章制度的限制。
: at the appropriate time；eventually在适当的时机，最终
例： Your request will be dealt with in due course．你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。 : it shows that；from this we carl see that由此司见，由此断定
例： He doesn’t come to work today，but it doesn’t necessarily follow that he is ill．他今天没来上班，但并不见得他就是病了。
(第8段)“纳粹政体与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。除了贪欲和种族统治外，它没有任何指导思想和行动准则。它在残酷压迫和疯狂侵略过程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人类历史上可谓空前绝后。在过去的二十五年中，我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。过去对共产主义所作的批评我仍然一句也不想收回。但现在展现在我们面前的景象已经将那一切冲得烟消云散了。过去的一切，连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼前看到的是俄国的士兵昂然挺立于自己的国土，英勇地捍卫着他们祖祖辈辈自古以来一直辛勤耕耘着的土地。我看到他们正在守卫着自己的家园，在那里母亲和妻子正在向上帝祈祷——是啊，任何人都总有祈祷的时候——祈求上帝保佑她们的亲人的平安，并保佑她们的壮劳力、她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。我看见成千上万的俄国村庄，那儿的人们虽然要靠在土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维持生计，却依然能够享受到天伦之乐，那儿的姑娘在欢笑，儿童在嬉戏。我看到这一切正面临着凶暴的袭击，正杀气腾腾地扑向他们的是纳粹的战争机器同它的那些全副武装、刀剑当当有声、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、刚刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。我还看到那些呆头呆脑、训练有素、既驯服听话又凶残野蛮的德国士兵像一群蝗虫般地向前蠕动着。我看见天空中那些屡遭英军痛击、余悸未消的德国轰炸机和战斗机此时正庆幸终于找到他们以为是无力反抗、可手到即擒的猎物。 “在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后，我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织，
并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行……
（最后一段）“由此可知，俄国现在所面临的危险就是我们自己的危险，同样也是美国的危险；俄国人民保家卫国的事业就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事业。让我们从过去的残酷的历史经验中汲取教训吧。让我们趁着生命未息、力量尚存之时，加倍努力，团结奋斗吧。” Lesson 6
:the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group敲诈；勒索
:a group of connected rooms used as a unit，such as an apartment一套房间
:having a hidden or ambiguous meaning；mysterious隐蔽的，秘密的；神秘的 :make or become weakened or strained(使)变弱；(使)紧张
:send off or out promptly，usually on a specific errand or official business(迅速地)派遣，派出(常指特别差事或公事)
:a trip to carry a message or do a definite thing，esp. for someone else差事(尤指为别人送信或办事)
: like a pig；gluttonous猪一般的；贪婪的(=piggish)
:bitter，scornful(used of smile or laughter)disdainfully or bitterly sneering，ironic or sarcastic讥讽的；嘲笑的／sardonically adv．
: big or fat and coarse—looking；corpulent；burtly肥胖的，臃肿的；粗壮的 :the fleshy，hanging part under the lower jaw下颚的下垂部分 :shut in all around；surround；encircle 围绕，环绕 :toss or move with a quick jerk；flick(用指等)轻弹；轻拂 :[Fre.]decoration[法语]装饰，装璜
:very fat；stout；corpulent过度肥胖的；肥大的
:feeling or showing appreciation欣赏的；有欣赏力的；有眼力的；有鉴赏力的
:lacking harmony or agreement; incompatible不和谐的；不调和不相容的；自相矛盾的
: ①n．an artificial way of singing or speaking，in which the voice is placed in a register much higher than that of the natural voice假声(说、唱)②adj.假声的；用假声唱的 :the act of sending out or giving forth(heat，light，smell)；the action of uttering(sound)(热、光、气味等的)散发，放出；(声音等的)发出
:eject，throw(out)，emit，or utter explosively喷出，吐出；激烈地说出 :savage act，behavior，or disposition；barbarity暴行；残忍；凶猛 :being mild and soothing温和，和蔼；文雅
: person who opposes or fights against another；opponent敌手；敌方；对手 :[colloq．]leave or go in a hurry；scurry off (chiefly in high—tail it )[口]匆忙离开，匆忙走开；迅速撤退；迅速逃走(主要用于high—tail it)
:wink(the eyes)rapidly；cause(eyes)to wink眨(眼)；使眨(眼) : innate or deeply instilled天生的，生来的，先天的
:move with a quick，light，wavering motion摇曳，摇动，晃动
:throw in between；interrupt with打断；插入，插(话)
:hold tightly(with the arms or hands)；grasp firmly握住；紧握 :put out of sight；hide把……藏起来，隐藏，隐匿
:blow，drive，give forth，etc．in or with a puff or puffs(一阵阵地)吹；喷出 :(chiefly dial．)leastwise；anyway(多用于口语)至少；无论如何
:narrowly contented with one’s own accomplishments，beliefs，morality，etc．；self—satisfied to an annoying degree沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的；自满的
:put into a secluded or isolated spot把……放入隐蔽或隔离的地方；使隐蔽；(收)藏起
:make a low，sharp，clicking sound，as of a hen calling her chickens or brooding；utter with such a sound(母鸡唤小鸡时的)咯咯叫，作咯咯叫声；(人)咯咯地叫；咯咯地说 :expressing disapproval of指摘的；非难的／reprovingly adv．
:[colloq．]a feeling about something not based on known facts；premonition or suspicion[口]预感，预兆；疑心
:[Am．slang]one who operates a specified vehicle，machine，etc．[美俚](某种车辆的)驾驶员；(机器等的)操作者
:[slang]burst or break[俚](使)爆裂，(使)击破
:feeling or showing despair；hopeless绝望的，没有希望的／despairingly adv． :draw up(the shoulders)，as in expressing indifference，doubt，disdain，contempt，etc．(为表达冷漠、无奈等)耸肩
:[Brit．colloq．]observe；notice[英口]观察；注意
:careful about what．one says or does；prudent：keeping silent or preserving confidences when necessary (言行)谨慎的；慎重的；考虑周到的／discreetly adv． :[colloq．]shout or yell[口]叫喊，呼喊 :stupid愚蠢的，笨拙的
:ludicrously eccentric or strange；ridiculous；absurd；fantastic怪僻的；荒谬的；滑稽可笑的
:not equivocal；not ambiguous；plain；clear不含糊的；不模棱两可的；明确的；明白的
:shaped like a bulb；fat and round(often derog．)球茎形的；又肥又圆的(常用作贬义)
:the face；facial features；visage脸,面孔;面貌，面容，容貌，脸色
:intolerantly positive；dictatorial；dogmatic；imperious高傲的；武断的；专横的；强制的／peremptorily adv．
:fix or hold(the eyes，attention，etc．)firmly(把目光、注意力等)集中于…… : overbearing；arrogant；masterful，domineering傲慢的；专横的；盛气凌人的
:an interval of temporary relief or rest暂时的休息；暂时的喘息
: showing resentment and ill humor by morose，unsociable withdrawal愠怒的，闷闷不乐的／sullenly adv．
:he state of wavering in mind；hesitation；indecision犹豫；踌躇 :be slow or waste time闲荡；延误
:swell or bend outward；protrude or project膨胀，肿胀；鼓起，隆起，突出
:(esp．of an eye)small，round，and glittering like a bead(尤指眼睛)似珠子般小而亮的
短语 (Expressions)
: stop sth．burning熄灭
例： I threw water over him．desperately trying t0 put out the flames．我往他身上泼水，拼命地想扑灭他身上的火焰。
: do sth．slowly不着急，慢慢(做事) 例： You can take your time coming to See me．你不用着急来看我。 : based on feeling and for which there is no proof凭预感
例： Few people are wiHing to stake their reputation on a hunch．很少有人愿意贸然用名声冒险。
(p 99 倒数2 3段 )
探长使劲摇着头。“那样的话，还不如现在就去警察局投案自首。路易斯安那州境内的每一家修车铺都已接到通知，一旦发现像你们那样需要修理的汽车送来修理，立即向警方报告。他们也都会照办的，你们的事谁都知道。”
克罗伊敦公爵夫人极力控制自己那如脱缰野马般的思绪。她知道保持自己头脑的冷静和理智是至关重要的。方才那最后几分钟的谈话似乎变得非常随便，仿佛他们所讨论的只是一些无关紧要的家常琐事，而不是人命关天的大事。她有意要使谈话照这样进行。她意识到，唱主角的责任又一次地落到了自己的肩上。此时此刻，在她与这个存心恶毒的肥佬之间的激烈交锋中，她的丈夫只当了一名紧张而被动的旁观者。没关系，既然躲不过，就只好去面对它了。要紧的是对各种可能发生的意外变故预作考虑。她突然想出了一个主意。
Lesson 9
:pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的
:believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的 :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)
:the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)
:the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行
:a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc．(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者 :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc．过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的
:sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的
:a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人
:wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的
:serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为……的证据，为……作证；论证；表明
:a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠
:a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc．(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船
:a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船 :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced during／he refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc．糖蜜，糖浆
:an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人
:the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙
:a bitter，long—continued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和
:[Am．]murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging[美]私刑处死
:[Am．]of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. [美]留声机的，唱机的 :be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现
:transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人
:[Am．slang]a prostitute[美俚]妓女
:a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc．恶棍；暴徒；强盗
:having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous混乱的；杂乱的
:①give way(to)；yield；submit ②die ①屈服，屈从(常与to连用)②死
:the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc．(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行
:trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与with连用)
:1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的 :check or repulse挫败；阻止
:[colloq．]having little or no money；bankrupt[口]无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的 :sharpen with or as with a hone把……放在磨石上磨
: searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的 :slow or slow—moving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的 :a lazy person懒汉
:bewilder with sudden surprise；astonish greatly；amaze使震惊，使惊愕，使大吃一惊
:long or verbose and vearisome；triesome；boring冗长乏味的；使人厌倦的；沉闷的
:a lecture on travels, usually accompanied by the showing of pictures旅行见闻讲座
:a Moslem ruler苏丹(一些伊斯兰教国家统治者的称号) :[Am．colloq．]expose the false or exaggerated claims，pretensions，glamour，etc．[美口]揭露，揭发，揭穿
:regard with deep respect，love，and awe；venerate尊敬，崇敬；敬畏
:the quality of being ingenious；cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机灵，机智，足智多谋；独创性，创造力；熟练，巧妙
:young and youthful年轻的；青年的
:any person despised or rejected by others；outcast为社会所遗弃者；流浪者 :extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion宗教(或道德)上极端拘谨的
:an unlimited view in all directions全景；全图
:be regretful or sorry about懊悔，悔恨，对……深感遗憾 :undermine in any way；weaken；exhaust削弱；耗竭 :a loud outcry；uproar大声呼喊，喧嚷，喧嚣，吵闹
:strong and healthy；full of vigor；hardy健壮的；精力充沛的
:appear or recur repeatedly to，often to the point of obsession(思想、回忆等)萦绕；(疾病等)缠住
:inflammation or infection of the alveoli of the lungs of varying degrees of severity and caused by any of a number of agents，such as bacteria or viruses肺炎． :inflammation of the meninges．esp. as the result of infection by bacteria or viruses脑脊膜炎
:a person who has epilepsy癫痫患者
:stuff，cover，or line with a pad or padding填塞；衬填
:a bowl—shaped cavity，as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon碗形洞(如火山口、环形山、月亮表面的坑状地方)
:fall to pieces；disintegrate；decay破碎，破裂；使溃散，使瓦解，消灭 :feel or express deep sorrow for；mourn or grieve for为……而悲痛；哀悼；为……而伤心
短语 (Expressions)
: (infml)equalIy；entirely完全，同样地
例： He is every bit as mean as she is．他与她同样平庸。
: (of a book)available for sale from the publisher；(of a person’s work)printed in a book，efc．(指书)可买到，已出版
例： It was the first time he had seen his work in print．这是他第一次看见自己的作品出版。
: to receive and absorb stll．接受并吸收
例： That child soaks up new facts like a sponge!那孩子吸收新知识像海绵似的! : stop resisting；yield to，submit to屈服，屈从
例： Several children have measles，and the others are bound to SUCcumb to it．有几个孩子患了麻疹，其他孩子也必然会被传染。
: to deal playfully or superficiMly with不认真考虑、对待
例： I am flirting with the idea of getting a job．我胡思乱想着要去找份工作。 : (derogative)of a poor or inferior type(贬义)差劲的，劣等
例： It was a meal of sorts，but nobody enjoyed it．这勉强算是一顿饭，谁都没有吃好。 : what one would expect 0f the person specified正像所说的人一样 例： That sounds like my sister all over．听起来跟我姐姐一模一样。 : seriously，not jokingly严肃地，认真地
例： Both sides are deeply in earnest，with passions that approximate those of civil war。双方都很坚决认真，像是鼓足劲要打一场内战似的。
（第7段）他乘驿站马车来到西部，在内华达州的华苏地区受到当时正流行的淘金热的诱惑。同那只有既幸运而又锲而不舍的追求者才能取得的巨大财富三心二意地打了八个月交道之后，他遭到了失败。在破产和灰心之余，他接受了为弗吉尼亚市《领土开发报》当记者的工作，这一行动将获得文学界永久的感激。
(第八段) 自从他因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷之后，马克•吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者和幽默作家的地区性声望。从事新闻报道工作当然不能使他像淘金成功者一样立成巨富，但在挣钱方面他的笔杆却比他的锄镐要有效得多。1864年春季，在他加盟《领土开发报》还不足两年之时，他又乘驿站马车前往旧金山，那儿在当时和现在都是有前途的年轻作家成长的摇篮。 （最后三段）
马克•吐温的一生都笼罩在悲剧的阴影之中，自己的亲人一个接一个地去世：他的父亲在他十二岁那年死于肺炎，他的兄弟亨利在一次汽船爆炸事故中遇难；他的儿子朗顿才满十九个月即离开人世。他的大女儿苏茜死于脊膜炎；克莱门斯夫人在佛罗伦萨死于心脏病；而他的小女儿也因癫痫病的发作淹死在楼上的浴盆里。
这位曾令全世界欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世的辛酸。他早期作品中的道德说教厚厚地包着一层幽默的外衣，现在幽默换成了辛辣的讽刺。对于美国军队在一个火山口上屠杀六百名菲律宾摩洛人的行为，他没有直接进行抨击，而是假装为之高唱赞歌。在《神秘的陌生人》中，他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。 他自己的最后一个幻想到后来似乎也破灭了。在晚年口述自传的时候，他以极端绝望的心情谈到人从尘世的苦难中的最终解脱：“……他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界赠给他们的只是一日的哀伤和永久的遗忘。”
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