Introduction
The UK is a unitary and constitutional monarchy democracy country. The main characteristic is the doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy ,the core of the power is the cabinet,clearance monarch and organized political party. Doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy is legislative powers is in the core status. The first set of western capitalist political systems created by Britain is praised as a source and model of the western political system.
The United States is a federal state. The organizational form of regime is presidential government. The United States carries out the combination of political system and political party system of the two-party system about the separation of powers and check and balance. It is a perfect system. The two big political party systems respectively represent two big different political philosophies. The Democrats stands for liberalism and the Republican stands for conservative.
Comparisons between British and American political system
1.Constitution
Up until now, the Britain does not have a single document called the Constitution but its constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament. The British constitution is the product of a long-term historical evolution process. It is the sum total of the common law over the years. The first was traced back to the Magna Charta. The basic principle of the British Constitution is fuzzy. Britain's decentralization is not obvious.
However, the United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The United States Constitution is the fundamental law of America, which establishes the legal basis for the American political system. The US Constitution as an essential law is the first written constitution in the world. The US Constitution has four major principles: separation of powers, federal system, doctrine of constitutional supremacy and equality. The two purposes of the United States constitution are limiting the power of the government and protecting people's freedom. 2.Political party system
The main political parties in the UK are Labor Party, Conservative Party and Liberal Party. Britain appears the earliest bourgeois party in the world and it is the first country to establish and implement two-party system. Two-party system combined with the British cabinet system. The organization of British Party is strict and there are many party members.
On the contrary, the internal organization of American political party is very loose. It is a voting machine in principle and it has no function at ordinary time. The ruling party masters executive power, but doesn’t master the legislative power. American's two political parties aim at supporting and opposing federalism. The two-party system is stable. This kind of system will cause the United States parties which are in the middle of the internal organization is very weak.
3.The legal system
American and British legislative systems have the same principles in general, such as
natural rights, popular sovereignty etc.
Parliament is the center of the British political stage and is Britain's top legislative branch. The government is elected from the parliament and it should be responsible for the parliament. Parliament is a bicameral legislature. The House of Commons and the House of Lords constitute the British Parliament.
In the meantime, the U.S. congress is the highest legislative branch, which consists of the senate and the House of Representatives. The main powers of congress are legislative power, supervisory power of judicial administration, examination and approval authority and amending power. In addition, congress can pass the resolution which does not need the president to sign.
4.The administrative system
Britain executes dual administrative system. The dual parliamentary system of administrative system is the result of the long-term evolution. Conversely, the United States carries out a typical of the centralized administrative system. The president is the head of state and government as well as commander-in-chief of the army.
5.The judicial system
In Britain, judiciary contains civil court and criminal court. British justice has three different kinds of legal systems. The main characteristics of American judicial system are implementing the principle of separation of powers, judicial independence. The court divided into the federal and local organization system. The Supreme Court has the right to enjoy special judicial review.
6.The electoral system
Both the United States and Britain are for universal suffrage, but still have difference. The British general election system is actually elected MPs, the king and Lords aren't elected. And the United States, regardless of Congress,Senator or the president, are elected directly by the citizens.
Conclusion
The British and American have relatively consistence in the basic political values. American and British political system and political civilization both play an important role in the world.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容